Our records for 1935 hold 496 events from 9 regions; the best-ranked is “The Long March ends as the First Front Army reaches Yan'an”.
This page lists all 496 events in our records for 1935: 344 dated to the day, 115 from outside Europe and North America. The biggest come first, then every event month by month, grouped by region.
How sure we are: events with no label are high confidence. A grey label such as Exact day uncertain says why one detail is less certain; a yellow label such as Sources differ on the date marks a low-confidence event where the sources disagree or are thin. The notes say where. Dates are in the Gregorian calendar; where a country still used another calendar, the notes give the original. How events are checked
The biggest stories of 1935
Ranked by how widely known each event is today, one card per happening, at least a third from outside Europe and North America.
War & conflictWidely known
The Long March ends as the First Front Army reaches Yan'an
· Yan'an, Shaanxi, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Some details uncertain.
The Communist First Front Army arrived at Yan'an in Shaanxi on 19 October 1935, closing a retreat from Kuomintang forces. Roughly 100,000 troops had set out from the Jiangxi Soviet and other bases; only about 8,000 survived the march.
Why it is interesting. Of around 100,000 people who began the retreat, only about 8,000 lived to see Yan'an.
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives 16 October 1934 to 19 October 1935; the history section has the First Front Army arriving at Yan'an on 19 October 1935, about 8,000 strong. The infobox subtitle calls it a 1934-1936 retreat, and other Red Army forces met up in October 1936.
Without declaring war, Italy sent a large army under Marshal Emilio De Bono over the Eritrean border into Ethiopia on 3 October 1935, while General Rodolfo Graziani advanced from Italian Somalia. Adwa fell within three days and Aksum on 15 October, against a defence led by Haile Selassie I.
Why it is interesting. Italy attacked without any declaration of war and occupied Adwa, where an Italian army had once been defeated, within three days.
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives 3 October 1935 to 5 May 1936 for the war; Wikidata gives a start of 3 October 1935 and an end of 19 February 1937. Italy attacked without a declaration of war.
· Gran Chaco, Bolivia and Paraguay · South America
Some details uncertain.
Fighting over the northern Gran Chaco, begun in 1932, came to a close in June 1935. Bolivia's larger, better-equipped army was undone by trade problems and poor internal communications, and a 1938 treaty gave Paraguay most of the region.
Why it is interesting. Both sides fought in dry terrain, which earned the conflict the Spanish nickname "The War of Thirst".
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives 12 June 1935 as the end of the war. The lead places the formal conclusion at a July 1938 peace conference in Buenos Aires, where a treaty was signed. Wikidata gives 12 June 1935.
The Zunyi Conference puts Mao Zedong's faction in charge
· Zunyi, Guizhou, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Some details uncertain.
During the Long March the Communist Party's leaders held an enlarged politburo meeting at Zunyi, a Guizhou town the Red Army had just taken. Bo Gu and Otto Braun lost their posts, and Mao Zedong's faction took charge of military command and the party.
Why it is interesting. Detailed accounts of the meeting only came out in 1985, fifty years afterwards.
Notes and dating details
The article gives January 1935 for the meeting, held after the Red Army took Zunyi. Wikidata gives 15 January 1935 with an end on 18 January 1935, but those days are not found in the article's text.
Schrödinger devises the thought experiment of the cat in the box
· Worldwide
Some details uncertain.
In 1935, in a conversation with Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger conceived a cat sealed in a box whose fate hangs on a chance subatomic event, so that it is imagined alive and dead at once until someone looks. He meant it as a response to a paper published that year by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen.
Why it is interesting. A cat that is both alive and dead remains a reference point in modern discussions of quantum mechanics.
Notes and dating details
The lead dates the thought experiment to 1935 and says it came out of a discussion with Albert Einstein; no place is given, so the region is set to Global. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the act into law on 14 August 1935 as part of the New Deal. It created the Social Security programme and insurance against unemployment, and Labor Secretary Frances Perkins had led the committee that drafted the plan.
Why it is interesting. By 1930 only a few industrialised nations lacked a national social security system, and the United States was one of them.
Notes and dating details
Wikidata gives only the year 1935 and lists 14 August 1935 as a publication date; the lead and infobox both give 14 August 1935 as the signing day.
The Labor Day hurricane devastates the Florida Keys
· Florida Keys, United States · North America
A hurricane hit the south-eastern United States in early September 1935. On the evening of 2 September it went by Long Key and a vast storm surge washed across the Keys; it came ashore again on 4 September, near Cedar Key in Florida.
Why it is interesting. The storm kept the Atlantic records for lowest pressure and strongest sustained winds for decades.
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives formation on 29 August 1935, extratropical status on 6 September and dissipation on 10 September; the storm passed near Long Key on the evening of 2 September, Labor Day. Wikidata gives only the year, with start and end of 29 August and 10 September 1935.
Britain and Germany sign the Anglo-German Naval Agreement
· London, United Kingdom · Europe
Britain and Germany signed a treaty in London on 18 June 1935 that held German naval strength, for good, to 35 per cent of Britain's fleet by tonnage. Berlin saw a route to an alliance aimed at France and the Soviet Union; London saw the first of several arms-limitation pacts.
Why it is interesting. Each side hoped for something different from the same text, and Hitler cancelled it on 28 April 1939.
Notes and dating details
The agreement was registered with the League of Nations on 12 July 1935 and was abrogated by Hitler on 28 April 1939.
Saudi Arabia issues its first coins in its own name
· Saudi Arabia · Middle East
Some details uncertain.
In 1935 the first coins were struck in the name of Saudi Arabia. In the same year the riyal was adjusted to a coin with the same silver content as the Indian rupee.
Why it is interesting. The riyal was already the money of the Hejaz before the Saudi state came into being.
Notes and dating details
Wikidata gives 1935 as the start of the Saudi riyal. The history and coins sections date two things to that year: the first coins struck in the name of Saudi Arabia, and the lowering of the riyal's silver content to match the Indian rupee. The Hejaz link comes from the history section.
· Territory of the Saar Basin (now Germany) · Europe
Voters in the Saar Basin decided the territory's status in a referendum held on 13 January 1935. More than 90 per cent chose reunification with Germany, about 9 per cent preferred to keep the League of Nations arrangement, and less than 0.5 per cent backed union with France.
Why it is interesting. Union with France drew less than half of one per cent of the vote.
It Happened One Night sweeps the 7th Academy Awards
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
The ceremony for 1934's films took place at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles on 27 February 1935, hosted by Irvin S. Cobb. It Happened One Night won Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress and Screenplay, and Shirley Temple received a special award.
Why it is interesting. A row over Bette Davis being left out for Of Human Bondage led to write-in candidates being permitted.
Fernando Pessoa died in Lisbon, the city of his birth, on 30 November 1935. Besides poetry he worked as a critic, translator and publisher, and he had also written as about seventy-five other, invented authors.
Why it is interesting. He called his imagined authors heteronyms rather than pseudonyms, because he felt the older word missed their independent intellectual lives.
Garmisch and Partenkirchen are merged into a single town
Politics & diplomacy
On 1 January 1935 the two Bavarian market towns were joined, with Adolf Hitler pressing their mayors to unite them. The step came ahead of the 1936 Winter Olympics, which the combined town hosted.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the history section gives 1 January 1935 for the union of the two towns.
· Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia) · Europe
Levenfish and Rabinovich share the 1934/1935 USSR Chess Championship
Sport
The ninth edition of the championship, played in Leningrad, ended on 2 January 1935 with Grigory Levenfish and Ilya Rabinovich sharing the title. Mikhail Botvinnik did not take part because he was playing in the Hastings Tournament.
Notes
The lead gives 7 December 1934 to 2 January 1935, calls it the 9th edition and names Levenfish and Rabinovich as the winners; the infobox lists both as champion. Wikidata gives 2 January 1935 as the end.
· Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Serbia) · Europe
Dimitrije Ljotić's Yugoslav National Movement (Zbor) is founded in Belgrade
Politics & diplomacy
Zbor, a clerical fascist movement led by Dimitrije Ljotić, was formally set up in Belgrade on 6 January 1935, six years to the day after King Alexander proclaimed his dictatorship. It received considerable German financial and political help but never won more than 1 percent of the vote.
Notes
The infobox and body give 6 January 1935; the lead gives 1935. Wikidata gives the same day. The recognition date of 8 November 1935 in the interest line comes from the formation section of the full article.
Laval and Mussolini sign the Franco-Italian agreements in Rome
Politics & diplomacy
In Rome on 7 January 1935 the French minister Pierre Laval and Italy's Benito Mussolini put their names to a set of accords. The chief territorial clause shifted the Libya-Chad border across the Aozou strip, and the northern edge of French Somaliland was moved to lie south of the Bab-el-Mandeb strait.
· Territory of the Saar Basin (now Germany) · Europe
Saar voters choose to return to Germany
Politics & diplomacy
Voters in the Saar Basin decided the territory's status in a referendum held on 13 January 1935. More than 90 per cent chose reunification with Germany, about 9 per cent preferred to keep the League of Nations arrangement, and less than 0.5 per cent backed union with France.
The Austrian music theorist Heinrich Schenker died on 14 January 1935 of diabetes and arteriosclerosis. His approach is now known as Schenkerian analysis, and his Free Composition, part of a three-volume series, appeared that year.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give 14 January 1935; Wikidata gives the same day and also lists 13 January 1935.
The 1935 Home Nations rugby championship is played
Sport
Between 19 January and 16 March 1935 the four home nations, England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, contested six matches. It was the competition's thirty-first series, or the forty-eighth once its Five Nations and earlier forms are included.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 19 January to 16 March 1935. England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales took part, so no single place is given.
Karl Schäfer and Sonja Henie win at the 1935 European Figure Skating Championships
Sport
Skaters competed at St. Moritz from 23 to 26 January 1935 in three events. Karl Schäfer won among the men, Sonja Henie among the ladies, and Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier took the pairs.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 23 to 26 January 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
The Russian and Soviet composer, conductor and teacher Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov died on 28 January 1935. His music spanned the late-Romantic age and the twentieth century, and in 1934 he was awarded an Order of the Red Banner of Labour.
Notes
The lead gives 28 January 1935 as the date of death.
David Lodge, an English novelist and critic, lectured in literature at Birmingham University until 1987. He is best remembered for the Campus Trilogy, comic novels about university life.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 28 January 1935; Wikidata gives the same date. The infobox names London as the birthplace and Wikidata names Brockley, so only London is stored.
· Kalinin, Soviet Union (now Tver, Russia) · Europe
Kalinin Oblast is created in the Soviet Union
Politics & diplomacy
Kalinin Oblast was carved on 29 January 1935 from territory that had belonged to three other oblasts: Western, Leningrad and Moscow. It kept that name until 1990 and is now Tver Oblast.
Notes
The infobox gives 29 January 1935 as the establishment date, matching Wikidata and the history section. The region was called Kalinin Oblast from 1935 to 1990.
The SS-Amt becomes the SS Main Office (SS-Hauptamt)
Politics & diplomacy
On 30 January 1935 the SS-Amt, set up in 1931 as a headquarters staff for the SS, was renamed the SS-Hauptamt. It was based on Prinz-Albrecht-Straße in Berlin and served as the Schutzstaffel's central command office until 1940. It ceased to exist on 8 May 1945.
Notes
The infobox gives formed 30 January 1935, and the Formation section gives the same day for the agency becoming the SS-HA. The Formation section also says the SS-Amt was created in 1931 as a headquarters staff and names its heads Ernst Bach, Siegfried Seidel-Dittmarsch and Curt Wittje (from February 1934). Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
The game has been played annually since 1 January 1935. Among bowl games only the Rose Bowl is older, and the Orange, Sugar and Sun Bowls share second place in age.
Notes
The lead gives 1 January 1935 as the start of the annual game and the body gives New Year's Day 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The body mentions an earlier game on New Year's Day 1934, before the 1935 game that carried the Orange Bowl name.
Starting on 3 January 1935, the 74th Congress sat until 3 January 1937, during Roosevelt's third and fourth years as president. Democrats widened their majorities in both the House and the Senate.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 3 January 1935 as the start of the term; Wikidata gives the same day.
Wilfred Jackson directed this Silly Symphonies short, which Walt Disney produced and United Artists released on 5 January 1935. It retells an Aesop fable and took the Oscar for 1934's best cartoon short.
Notes
The infobox gives 5 January 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Kansas City, Missouri, United States · North America
The man known as Roland T. Owen dies after a mystery at a Kansas City hotel
Everyday life
The man known as Roland T. Owen died in hospital from a beating and stabbing, having spent two days in Room 1046 at the Hotel President. With no relatives found, his body stayed in a funeral parlor for nearly two months.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 5 January 1935 as the date of death; Wikidata gives the same date. The stay in Room 1046 began on 2 January 1935.
· Tupelo, Mississippi, United States · North America
Elvis Presley is born in Tupelo, Mississippi
Lives
Elvis Aaron Presley, later called the King of Rock and Roll, was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, on 8 January 1935. At 13 he moved with his family to Memphis, Tennessee, and the American singer and actor died on 16 August 1977.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 8 January 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
Henry Hathaway directed this adventure starring Gary Cooper. The title and setting were taken from a 1930 memoir by the British soldier Francis Yeats-Brown, and it follows British cavalrymen and officers defending a stronghold in Bengal against a local rebellion in the days of the Raj.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 11 January 1935 for the United States, and the release section says January 1935.
· Ocklawaha, Florida, United States · North America
Ma Barker dies at Ocklawaha, Florida
Lives
Born Arizona Donnie Clark, Kate "Ma" Barker was killed by a gunshot at Ocklawaha on 16 January 1935. Several members of the Barker-Karpis Gang were her sons, and FBI agents located the hideout where she lived with her son Fred.
George Cukor directed this adaptation of Dickens's novel, written for the screen by Howard Estabrook from a version by Hugh Walpole. It dropped some characters and incidents, followed three silent versions, and was well received on release.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 18 January 1935 for the United States, and the reception section says January 1935.
· Between Kansas City, Missouri and Salina, Kansas, United States · North America
Union Pacific's M-10000 streamliner enters revenue service
TechnologySome details uncertain
Union Pacific's M-10000 began fare-paying service as The Streamliner on 31 January 1935, running between Kansas City and Salina. A power car at the front was coupled to the passenger cars instead of a separate locomotive, and the train had already been displayed at Chicago's 1934 world's fair.
Notes
The history section gives 31 January 1935 for the start of revenue service. The lead and infobox date the train's operation from 1934, and the history section gives 12 February 1934 as the delivery date, followed by a publicity tour; Wikidata lists 12 February 1934 as well as 31 January 1935.
· Zunyi, Guizhou, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
The Zunyi Conference puts Mao Zedong's faction in charge
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
During the Long March the Communist Party's leaders held an enlarged politburo meeting at Zunyi, a Guizhou town the Red Army had just taken. Bo Gu and Otto Braun lost their posts, and Mao Zedong's faction took charge of military command and the party.
Notes
The article gives January 1935 for the meeting, held after the Red Army took Zunyi. Wikidata gives 15 January 1935 with an end on 18 January 1935, but those days are not found in the article's text.
Mongolian and Manchukuo forces clash at the Battle of Khalkhyn Temple
War & conflict
In disputed border territory on 8 January 1935, Mongolian cavalry ambushed a Manchukuo force. The fighting involved Mongolian People's Army cavalry against Manchukuo Imperial Army patrols and Japanese troops, one of the border conflicts of 1932 to 1939 among the Soviets, Mongolians, Japanese and Manchukuo.
Notes
The infobox and body give 8 January 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
Ōe won the 1994 Nobel Prize in Literature and became a major figure in modern Japanese letters. His themes include nuclear weapons and nuclear power, non-conformity in society and existentialism, and his books include A Personal Matter (1964) and The Silent Cry (1967). He died on 3 March 2023.
Notes
The infobox gives 31 January 1935 and Ōse, Ehime; Wikidata gives the same day.
The 1935 Australian Championships are played at Kooyong
Sport
Played on grass at Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne from 1 to 14 January 1935, the 28th Australian Championships opened the Grand Slam calendar for the year. Australia's Jack Crawford and England's Dorothy Round won the singles titles.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the lead gives 1 to 14 January for the tournament.
A very slight partial solar eclipse, of magnitude 0.0013, took place on 5 January 1935. It was the last of Saros series 111 and the first of five solar eclipses that year.
Notes
The 'Eclipses' table of the list of 20th-century solar eclipses has a row for 5 January 1935 giving a partial eclipse of magnitude 0.0013 in Saros 111, and that list's lead says five eclipses in 1935 is the most in any year of the century. The Solar Saros 111 article gives 5 January 1935 as the last eclipse of that series. The Italian article on this eclipse (Eclissi solare del 5 gennaio 1935) calls it the first solar eclipse of 1935. Wikidata gives 5 January 1935.
Saros series 111 comprised 79 solar eclipses, one every 18 years and 11 days. Its first eclipse fell on 30 August 528 and its last on 5 January 1935, and in June 1592 it produced its longest totality, of 6 minutes 11 seconds.
Notes
The lead gives 5 January 1935 for the last eclipse of the series.
Hugo Junkers, the aircraft designer, died at Gauting on his birthday, 3 February 1935, soon after a visit from Nazi officials, having been under house arrest since 1934. He pioneered all-metal aeroplanes and flying wings, and his multi-engine metal transports helped airlines get established at home and abroad.
Max Liebermann, one of Germany's leading Impressionists, died on 8 February 1935 in Berlin, where he had been born in 1847 to a Jewish banker. He trained as an artist in Weimar, Paris and the Netherlands, settled in Berlin in 1884, and assembled a significant set of French Impressionist pictures.
Karl Schäfer and Sonja Henie win at the 1935 World Figure Skating Championships
Sport
Vienna hosted the ladies' event on 8 and 9 February 1935, while the men's and pairs' competitions moved to Budapest for 16 and 17 February. Karl Schäfer was men's champion and Sonja Henie ladies' champion, and the pairs title went to Emília Rotter with László Szollás.
Notes
Wikidata gives February 1935 and an end of 17 February 1935; the ladies' event was in Vienna on 8 and 9 February, and the men's and pairs' events were in Budapest on 16 and 17 February.
The French chef and cookery writer Auguste Escoffier died at the age of 88 on 12 February 1935 at Monte Carlo. He updated French cooking by toning down the elaborate approach of Marie-Antoine Carême, and he fixed standard recipes for the five mother sauces.
The British diplomat and sinologist Herbert Giles died on 13 February 1935 after 35 years as Professor of Chinese at Cambridge. He reworked Thomas Wade's method of romanising Chinese into the Wade-Giles system, and translated works including the Analects and the Tao Te Ching.
Moscow's second international chess tournament ran from 15 February until 15 March 1935. Salo Flohr and Mikhail Botvinnik, a future world champion, shared first place, ahead of Emanuel Lasker and José Raúl Capablanca, both former world champions.
Notes
The lead gives 15 February to 15 March 1935; Wikidata gives the same dates.
The Estonian Maritime Museum is founded in Tallinn
Science
Retired captains and sailors founded the museum in February 1935. It is housed in the Fat Margaret tower in Tallinn's old town, and its displays cover Estonian ships and seafaring.
Notes
The infobox gives 23 February 1935 and the body gives February 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
On 26 February 1935 the Luftwaffe was publicly acknowledged and officially set up as Germany's air arm, with Hermann Göring as its first Supreme Commander until 1945. Versailles had banned a German air force, and the First World War air services had been wound up in May 1920.
Notes
The lead says the Luftwaffe's existence was acknowledged in public and it was formally set up on 26 February 1935, a little over two weeks before rearmament and conscription were announced on 16 March; the infobox and Wikidata give only the year 1935. The Reichswehr article's history section gives 1 March 1935 for the Luftwaffe's establishment, so the day is disputed; 26 February is kept as the better-matched statement from the Luftwaffe article itself, hence medium confidence.
Bizet's Symphony in C is premiered in Basel under Felix Weingartner
Stage, music & film
Bizet composed the symphony at 17, as a student at the Paris Conservatoire, but never sought a performance or publication, and it went unplayed in his lifetime. Felix Weingartner conducted the premiere at Basel, which was a great success.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 February 1935 for the premiere in Basel under Felix Weingartner, and the body gives the premiere in Basel in 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
Sponsored by Time Inc., the newsreel series began on 1 February 1935 and lasted to 1951. It grew from a radio news programme on air from 1931 to 1945, both narrated by Westbrook Van Voorhis, and RKO Radio Pictures took over its distribution that August.
· Point Sur, California, United States · North America
The airship USS Macon is lost in a storm off Point Sur, California
Disasters
The US Navy used the rigid airship USS Macon as a scouting "flying aircraft carrier". A storm damaged her and she went down off the Big Sur coast less than two years after commissioning, and the Navy struck her from its list on 26 February 1935.
Notes
The infobox gives 12 February 1935 for the last flight and the loss, and the body gives the same day; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States · North America
Roger B. Chaffee, the naval aviator and Apollo astronaut, is born
Lives
Chaffee, a Navy officer, aviator and engineer, joined NASA's astronaut corps for the Apollo programme. He was born in Grand Rapids, where he became an Eagle Scout.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 15 February 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
· Detroit, Michigan, United States · North America
Sonny Bono is born in Detroit
Lives
Together with his second wife he made up the singing duo Sonny & Cher, and he later became mayor of Palm Springs, California, and then a member of Congress for California.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 16 February 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
David Butler directed this Fox Film musical comedy drama, which William Conselman adapted from a children's novel of 1895 by Annie Fellows Johnston. It tells of an estranged father and daughter reconciled after the American Civil War.
Notes
The infobox gives 22 February 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
John Ford directed this crime comedy, retitled Passport to Fame for British release. Edward G. Robinson plays a mild-mannered clerk who is the double of a fugitive convict, and Jean Arthur is his love interest. Jo Swerling and Robert Riskin wrote the screenplay from a short story by W. R. Burnett.
Notes
The infobox gives 22 February 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Disney's The Band Concert, the first Mickey Mouse short in colour, is released
Stage, music & film
This was the 73rd Mickey Mouse short and the first in colour, made in three-strip Technicolor by Walt Disney Productions, directed by Wilfred Jackson and released by United Artists. Mickey conducts a small band through a public concert beset by distractions.
Notes
The infobox gives 23 February 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
It Happened One Night sweeps the 7th Academy Awards
Stage, music & film
The ceremony for 1934's films took place at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles on 27 February 1935, hosted by Irvin S. Cobb. It Happened One Night won Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress and Screenplay, and Shirley Temple received a special award.
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
The first Academy Award for Best Original Score is presented
Stage, music & film
The Academy started honouring film music in 1935, at the ceremony held on 27 February for films of 1934. The award is for dramatic underscoring composed specially for a film.
Notes
The infobox gives 27 February 1935 for the first awarding, for films released in 1934, and the history section says the Academy began awarding film scores in 1935.
· DuPont Experimental Station, Delaware, United States · North America
Wallace Carothers makes the first nylon, nylon 66, at DuPont
Technology
On 28 February 1935 Wallace Hume Carothers produced nylon 66 at DuPont's Experimental Station in Delaware. The synthetic polymer went on to be spun into fibre and used for clothing, flooring, car and electrical parts, and food-packaging film.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the article's history section gives 28 February 1935 twice.
Tsukiji opened on 11 February 1935 in place of an earlier market that the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923 had destroyed. Set in the middle of Tokyo between the Sumida River and Ginza, it was the world's biggest wholesale fish and seafood market until 2018.
Notes
The lead and history section give 11 February 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Tsubouchi Shōyō, a Japanese writer, critic, playwright, translator, editor and teacher, died on 28 February 1935. He was a professor at Waseda University and has been described as a seminal figure in the history of Japanese theatre.
Notes
The lead gives his dates as 22 May 1859 to 28 February 1935, matching Wikidata. No place of death is given, so the region follows his nationality.
Turkey held a general election on 8 February 1935, with the Republican People's Party the only party in the country. A change in the law in 1934 had allowed women to vote and stand for office.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 8 February 1935. Wikidata gives 28 February 1935.
· Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika Territory (now Tanzania) · Africa
The football club Young Africans (Yanga) is founded in Dar es Salaam
SportSome details uncertain
Residents of Dar es Salaam classed by the colonial authorities as Africans formed the club in 1935, hoping to join a league of non-African clubs. Disputes over poor results led some members to leave in 1936 and start another side.
Notes
The infobox gives 11 February 1935, under the name New Young, and Wikidata lists the same day as a secondary date. Wikidata's main date is 12 February 1935. The lead gives 1935 and the body says the club's officially recognised history began that year.
Mikhail Cherniavsky confesses in the Kremlin Plot case
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The Kremlin Plot was a Soviet criminal case of 1935 concerning an alleged plot to kill Stalin. In March 1935 Mikhail Cherniavsky, named as chief conspirator, confessed to a terrorist scheme hatched after the Kirov affair, and was talked into claiming that an American Trotskyist, Ryaskin, had recruited him at MIT.
Notes
The lead gives March 1935 for Cherniavsky's confession and the body says the plot was uncovered in early 1935 after the murder of Kirov in December 1934. Wikidata gives the year 1935 for the start of the case.
Venizelist officers attempt a coup against the Greek government
War & conflict
On 1 March 1935 Venizelist officers led by Nikolaos Plastiras rebelled against Panagis Tsaldaris's government, which was suspected of favouring the monarchy. General Georgios Kondylis led loyal forces that put the revolt down by 11 March, when Venizelos was forced to leave Greece, and a military tribunal then purged Venizelist and republican officers.
Notes
The lead gives 1 March 1935 for the outbreak and says loyal forces put the revolt down by 11 March; Wikidata gives 1 March 1935 as the date.
· Veselinovo, Tsardom of Bulgaria (now Bulgaria) · Europe
Zhelyu Zhelev, later the first democratically elected president of Bulgaria, is born
Lives
Zhelyu Zhelev, a Bulgarian politician and dissident, was president from 1990 to 1997, the first democratically elected, non-Communist head of state of Bulgaria. He was born in the north-eastern Bulgarian village of Veselinovo, to a family of modest means.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 3 March 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
The SS weekly Das Schwarze Korps appears for the first time
Art & literature
The SS newspaper came out weekly, on Wednesdays, and was handed out free. Gunter d'Alquen edited it and the Franz-Eher-Verlag, under Max Amann, published it, while the SD, which held considerable editorial influence, worked closely with it.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 6 March 1935 for the first edition, and the body says the paper was formed in 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
George Orwell's A Clergyman's Daughter is published
Art & literature
Gollancz published Orwell's second novel on 11 March 1935. Dorothy Hare, the heroine, loses her memory and is thrown into turmoil, and one chapter is written wholly in the form of a play.
Notes
The history section gives 11 March 1935 for publication by Gollancz; the lead and infobox give 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
John James Rickard Macleod, a Scottish biochemist, died after years of arthritis on 16 March 1935, in Aberdeen. The 1923 Nobel Prize for medicine, for isolating insulin at Toronto, went jointly to him and Frederick Banting.
The chess master Aron Nimzowitsch, born in Riga in 1886 and later a Danish citizen, met his death in Copenhagen on 16 March 1935. Heart trouble had long troubled him, but his early end came as a surprise.
Nygaardsvold's Cabinet, Norway's second Labour government, takes office
Politics & diplomacy
Led by Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold, the second Labour cabinet in Norway put an end to a long run of non-socialist minority governments dating from 1884.
Notes
The lead gives 20 March 1935; Wikidata gives the same date. The cabinet later became the Norwegian government in exile.
The third Paris-Nice ran from Paris to Nice between 26 and 31 March 1935. René Vietto won, with Antoine Dignef of Belgium second and Raoul Lesueur of France third.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 26 to 31 March 1935. Wikidata gives 26 March as the start and 30 March as the end.
Triumph of the Will, Leni Riefenstahl's Nazi propaganda film, is released
Stage, music & film
Leni Riefenstahl directed and produced the film, which Adolf Hitler commissioned. It documents the Nazi Party's 1934 rally at Nuremberg, which drew more than 700,000 supporters, and cuts speeches by Hitler, Rudolf Hess and Julius Streicher together with shots of massed SA and SS troops.
Notes
The infobox gives 28 March 1935 as the release date, matching Wikidata.
Naughty Marietta, with Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy, is released
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
This American musical film is based on Victor Herbert's 1910 operetta. Jeanette MacDonald plays a princess who flees an arranged marriage by sailing to New Orleans, where Captain Richard Warrington, played by Nelson Eddy, rescues her from pirates. Five of Herbert's best-known songs are included.
Notes
The infobox lists 8 March 1935 as the release date and 29 March 1935 as the premiere. Only the shared month is stored because it is not clear which day marks the main release. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Porky Pig makes his first appearance, in I Haven't Got a Hat
Stage, music & film
Friz Freleng directed the short, released on 2 March 1935, that introduced Porky Pig. Porky became a star of both Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, and many of his shorts end with the line "That's all, folks".
Notes
The infobox lists the first appearance as the cartoon I Haven't Got a Hat on 2 March 1935, and the early films section gives the same release date.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. died on 6 March 1935. He sat on the US Supreme Court from 1902 to 1932 and stepped down at the age of 90, the oldest justice the Court has had.
William A. Seiter directed this RKO musical, adapted from the 1933 Broadway show, itself based on a novel by Alice Duer Miller, with Irene Dunne, Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers starring. Two songs added for the film, Lovely to Look At and I Won't Dance, both became number-one hits in 1935.
Notes
The infobox gives 8 March 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Leo McCarey directed this comedy, headed by Charles Laughton with Mary Boland, Charlie Ruggles and ZaSu Pitts. Harry Leon Wilson's bestselling 1915 novel supplies the story, which shows a British valet finding freedom in a small Western town.
Notes
The infobox gives 8 March 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives the same day.
Agatha Christie's Death in the Clouds is published in the United States
Art & literature
Hercule Poirot and Chief Inspector Japp investigate a closed-circle murder mystery aboard a cross-Channel aircraft, where the murderer must be among eleven other travellers and crew. The American edition, titled Death in the Air, appeared first, on 10 March 1935.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 10 March 1935 for the first publication, by Dodd, Mead in the United States under the title Death in the Air. The lead says the British edition came from the Collins Crime Club in July. Wikidata gives 10 March 1935.
The central bank, chartered in 1934 as a privately owned corporation and made a Crown corporation in 1938, began work on 11 March 1935. It handles banking and money management for the government and issues Canada's banknotes, although their printing is contracted out.
Notes
The infobox gives 3 July 1934 as the legal establishment and 11 March 1935 as the start of operations; the history section says the bank was chartered as a privately owned corporation and legally designated a federal Crown corporation in 1938, and that from 1944 it was the only issuer of legal tender notes. The Canadian Bank Note Company has held the contract to produce the notes since 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Mihajlo Pupin dies in New York City
Lives
The Serbian-American inventor Mihajlo Pupin, born in Idvor in the Austrian Empire in 1858, died on 12 March 1935. He held many patents, among them loading coils that extended the reach of long-distance telephone lines.
Josef von Sternberg directed and photographed this romantic drama, which stars Dietrich, Lionel Atwill and Cesar Romero. John Dos Passos wrote the screenplay from Pierre Louÿs's 1898 novel The Woman and the Puppet, and the film premiered without fanfare in March 1935.
Notes
The infobox gives 15 March 1935 as the release date. The history section says the film was completed on 6 February 1935, premiered without fanfare in March and reached general audiences in May. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
San Salvador hosts the third Central American and Caribbean Games
Sport
Held between 16 March and 5 April 1935, the games were opened by President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez. They brought 741 athletes from nine nations together in fourteen sports, with the Estadio Nacional Flor Blanca as the main stadium.
Notes
Wikidata gives the year 1935, with a start of 16 March and an end of 5 April 1935, matching the lead and infobox.
· Harlem, New York City, United States · North America
A riot breaks out in Harlem
Politics & diplomacy
On 19 March 1935 rioting broke out in Harlem after a rumour spread that employees of an S. H. Kress store had beaten a Puerto Rican teenager caught shoplifting. Three people died and many were injured, and a committee later called the rioting spontaneous, with no sign of any plan or leaders.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 19 March 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The article gives the number hurt as hundreds in its lead but 100 in its aftermath section, so no figure is stated here.
Some friends keen to have a local team set the club up on 20 March 1935. It comes from Florencio Varela in Buenos Aires province, its home ground is the Estadio Norberto Tomaghello, and its senior side plays in Argentina's top division, the Primera División.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 20 March 1935; the lead gives 1935. Wikidata gives the same day.
The Grand National Assembly voted in the presidential election on 1 March 1935. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, already president, won re-election in the first round.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1 March 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
On 26 March 1935 the United States reclaimed Jarvis Island, a coral island in the South Pacific, and began settling it as part of a colonisation scheme for the equatorial islands. The settlement, named Millersville, lasted until 1942.
Notes
The history section dates the colonisation to 26 March 1935 under the American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Escape Me Never, with Elisabeth Bergner, is released
Stage, music & film
Paul Czinner directed this British drama, produced by Herbert Wilcox, with a score by William Walton. Elisabeth Bergner stars alongside Hugh Sinclair and Griffith Jones, in an adaptation of Margaret Kennedy's play, itself taken from her earlier novel The Fool of the Family.
Notes
The infobox gives 1 April 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Danzig, Free City of Danzig (now Poland) · Europe
The Nazi Party wins the final Volkstag election in the Free City of Danzig
Politics & diplomacy
The sixth and final election for the parliament of the Free City, the Volkstag, gave the Nazi Party an absolute majority, though short of the two-thirds share required for constitutional change.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 7 April 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
Joe Davis wins the 1935 World Snooker Championship
Sport
The tournament, staged at Thurston's Hall in London between 8 and 27 April 1935, was won by Joe Davis, who beat Willie Smith in the final for his ninth title. In his semi-final against Tom Newman, Davis made a 110 break, the first century in the championship's history.
Portugal plays its first rugby union international
Sport
Portugal lost narrowly to Spain in its first rugby international, played in Lisbon on 13 April 1935. Its first Rugby World Cup was in 2007, and in 2023 it held Georgia to an 18-18 draw and then defeated Fiji by 24 points to 23, its first World Cup victory.
Notes
The infobox gives 13 April 1935 in Lisbon; the body gives April 1935 and the opponent as Spain. Wikidata gives 13 April 1935.
France, Italy and Britain agree the Stresa Front against Germany
Politics & diplomacy
On 14 April 1935, in the Italian lakeside town of Stresa, the French, British and Italian leaders Flandin, MacDonald and Mussolini agreed a common stance against Nazi Germany. They reaffirmed the Locarno Treaties and tied their policy to Austria's independence, after Germany announced rearmament and conscription in March.
Notes
A four-day conference at Stresa began on 11 April 1935; the lead dates the agreement itself to 14 April 1935.
Spartak's statute as an all-union Soviet sports society is approved
SportSome details uncertain
On 19 April 1935, following a Soviet government resolution, the All-Union Council of Physical Culture confirmed the statute of Spartak as a sports society for the whole Soviet Union. Its roots lay in physical culture groups run by small producers' cooperatives in the mid-1920s.
Notes
The English body gives 19 April 1935 for the establishment of the all-union society, when its statute was approved, and the Russian article's infobox gives the same day as its founding. The Russian history section adds that the statute was first approved on 28 January 1935 and the society created on 1 February 1935, before the committee of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture approved it on 19 April. The lead says the earlier club began in 1921 as the Moscow Sports Circle and took the Spartak name in 1934. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Dudley Moore, a comic actor and musician from England, died in 2002. He and Peter Cook starred together in the TV series Not Only... But Also, and he worked with Cook on the film Bedazzled.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 19 April 1935; Wikidata gives the same date. The infobox names Charing Cross, London, as the birthplace, while Wikidata gives Hammersmith, so only London is stored.
The Brussels International Exposition opens on the Heysel Plateau
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
The world's fair opened on 27 April 1935 on the Heysel (Heizel) Plateau. Brussels had staged world's fairs before, in 1888, 1897 and 1910, and the Palais des Expositions and other buildings from 1935 were put to use again for Expo 58.
Notes
The infobox gives 27 April to 25 November 1935, while the lead gives 27 April to 6 November 1935, so only the closing month is stored.
· Wembley Stadium, London, United Kingdom · Europe
Sheffield Wednesday beat West Bromwich Albion in the 1935 FA Cup Final
Sport
Sheffield Wednesday won the final at Wembley on 27 April 1935 by 4 goals to 2. Jack Palethorpe, Mark Hooper and Ellis Rimmer (twice) scored for Wednesday, while the West Brom goals came from Wally Boyes and Teddy Sandford.
Notes
The infobox gives 27 April 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
The foundation stone of Marseille's Stade Vélodrome is laid
Architecture
Mayor Ribot of Marseille laid the foundation stone on 28 April 1935, and the architects Pollack and Ploquin were chosen to build the stadium that year. It opened in 1937 and is the home ground of Olympique de Marseille.
Notes
The history section gives 28 April 1935 for the foundation stone; the infobox gives 13 June 1937 as the opening. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The line was inaugurated on 28 April 1935, almost a year after its completed infrastructure was handed to the metro operating company on 3 May 1934. It was meant to replace the Belleville funicular tramway, closed in 1924, and after an extension in 2024 it now runs 11.7 km with 19 stations.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 28 April 1935; the lead gives 1935. Wikidata gives the same day.
The station opened on 28 April 1935 together with the first stretch of Line 11, between Châtelet and Porte des Lilas. It sits beneath the 3rd and 4th arrondissements and is named after Rue Rambuteau, which commemorates the Comte de Rambuteau, a Seine department official.
Notes
The body gives 28 April 1935 for the opening as part of the first section of Line 11; Wikidata gives the same day.
The first Vuelta ran for 14 stages from 29 April to 15 May 1935, starting and ending in Madrid, with 50 riders at the start and 29 at the finish. Belgium's Gustaaf Deloor took the lead in the third stage and went on to win overall.
· Seattle, Washington, United States · North America
Abraham Vereide founds The Fellowship, also called The Family
Religion & philosophySome details uncertain
Abraham Vereide, a Methodist clergyman, founded the Christian group known as The Family in April 1935, after organising a month of prayer meetings in San Francisco in 1934. It offers decision-makers, politicians among them, a setting for Bible study and prayer.
Notes
The lead and infobox give April 1935, and the infobox names Seattle as the founding place; the body says Vereide organised prayer meetings in San Francisco in 1934. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Edwin Arlington Robinson dies in New York City
Lives
The American poet and playwright Edwin Arlington Robinson died of cancer at New York Hospital on 6 April 1935. He won three Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry, was put forward four times for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and is buried in Gardiner, Maine.
· Buffalo, New York, United States · North America
Anna Katharine Green dies in Buffalo
Lives
The American poet and novelist Anna Katharine Green died in Buffalo, New York, on 11 April 1935, aged 88. She was one of America's earliest authors of detective fiction, noted for tightly plotted stories that were accurate on points of law.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give 11 April 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States · North America
Emmy Noether dies at Bryn Mawr
Lives
The German mathematician died on 14 April 1935 in Pennsylvania, where she taught at Bryn Mawr College after her years at Göttingen. Her work in abstract algebra and mathematical physics included theorems tying symmetry to conservation laws.
· Oklahoma and Texas panhandles, United States · North America
The Black Sunday dust storm hits the American Great Plains
Disasters
One of the most severe storms in US history, part of the Dust Bowl, hit the Oklahoma panhandle first, in the afternoon, and arrived at Amarillo, Texas, at 7:20. Some 300,000 tons of prairie topsoil are thought to have been blown away.
Notes
The lead and body give 14 April 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
American states sign the Roerich Pact in Washington
Politics & diplomacy
On 15 April 1935 delegates of American states signed the Roerich Pact in the Oval Office. The treaty holds that protecting historic monuments and artistic and scientific institutions matters more than using or wrecking them in war.
Notes
The infobox gives 15 April 1935 as the date signed and 26 August 1935 as the date it took effect.
Jean Harlow and William Powell star in the film Reckless
Stage, music & film
Victor Fleming directed this musical, in which Franchot Tone and May Robson also appear. Writing as Oliver Jeffries, David O. Selznick based the story loosely on the scandal that followed Libby Holman's marriage in 1931 and the death of Zachary Smith Reynolds.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 April 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Private Worlds, a drama set in a mental hospital, is released
Stage, music & film
Claudette Colbert and Charles Boyer head the cast of this American film about the staff and patients of a psychiatric hospital, where the head physician has trouble working alongside a woman psychiatrist. Phyllis Bottome, a British writer, published the 1934 novel behind it.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 April 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
James Whale directed this follow-up to Universal's 1931 Frankenstein, with Boris Karloff as the Monster again and Colin Clive as Dr. Frankenstein. Elsa Lanchester appears as both Mary Shelley and the bride, and Ernest Thesiger as Doctor Septimus Pretorius.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 April 1935 for San Francisco and 20 April 1935 for the United States; Wikidata gives 20 April 1935 and also lists 3 May 1935 and 6 May 1935.
Peebles is a theoretical cosmologist, both Canadian and American, who held an Einstein professorship at Princeton and has researched dark matter, the cosmic microwave background, and how cosmic structure formed.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 25 April 1935, and the infobox gives Winnipeg, Manitoba; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Indianapolis, Indiana, United States · North America
Leroy Carr dies in Indianapolis
Lives
The blues singer, songwriter and pianist Leroy Carr, born in 1904 or 1905, died on 29 April 1935. His first record, in 1928, was How Long, How Long Blues, and his final recording session took place in Chicago on 25 February 1935.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 29 April 1935; Wikidata gives the same day and also lists 28 April 1935. The lead gives his birth year as 1904 or 1905.
Santiago hosts the 1935 South American Championships in Athletics
Sport
The championships were held in the Chilean capital over four days, 11 to 14 April 1935. Montevideo had hosted the edition before, in 1933, and São Paulo the one after, in 1937.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 11 to 14 April 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
The British Raj set the bank up on 1 April 1935 under the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934. It issues and controls the rupee, and after starting as a private bank it was nationalised in 1949.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1 April 1935 as the day the bank was established; the history section dates its establishment to 1934, the year of the Reserve Bank of India Act that created it. Wikidata gives 1 April 1935.
· Miaoli, Shinchiku Prefecture, Empire of Japan (now Taiwan) · Asia
Earthquake strikes Miaoli in Japanese-ruled Taiwan
Disasters
In April 1935 a magnitude 7.1 earthquake had its epicentre in Miaoli, then part of Shinchiku Prefecture. It killed 3,276 people and brought down the Longteng Bridge in Sanyi, and a 6.0 aftershock followed twelve seconds after the main shock.
Notes
Local date stored: the earthquake section puts the main shock on 21 April 1935 at 06:02 in the morning, local time. NOAA UTC date 1935-04-20 22:01 (22:01:54); the infobox timestamp is 20 April 1935 22:02:01 UTC, and Wikidata gives 20 April, the UTC day. NOAA lists the magnitude as 6.0; the Wikipedia article gives 7.1.
Israel Discount Bank is founded in Tel Aviv as Eretz Yisrael Discount Bank
Economy & trade
Yosef Albo and Moshe Carasso joined Leon Recanati in starting the Eretz Yisrael Discount Bank. It opened at a time of relative prosperity, aided by foreign capital brought in 1935 by Fifth Aliyah immigrants, but the Arab Revolt of 1936 slowed its growth.
Notes
The infobox, lead and body give 5 April 1935 and Tel Aviv; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Colonists landed on Baker Island on 3 April 1935 from the USCGC Itasca and established a village named Meyerton. That vessel also took settlers to neighbouring Howland Island, in a US colonisation scheme for the equatorial Pacific.
Notes
The history section dates the settlers' arrival on Baker Island to 3 April 1935, as part of the American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project begun that year. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
France and the Soviet Union conclude a mutual assistance treaty in Paris
Politics & diplomacy
France and the Soviet Union concluded the pact in Paris on 2 May 1935, aiming to hem in Nazi Germany. Pierre Laval, who had doubted its worth, completed the talks after Germany declared rearmament in March, and it took effect on 27 March 1936 once ratifications were exchanged in Moscow.
Notes
The history section gives 2 May 1935 for the conclusion in Paris; France ratified in February 1936, and the pact took effect on 27 March 1936 when the ratifications changed hands in Moscow.
The Union for International Cancer Control holds its first General Assembly in Paris
Medicine & epidemicsSome details uncertain
The union was founded in Paris in 1933 and moved to Geneva in 1948. Its first General Assembly met in Paris in May 1935, with delegates from 67 national cancer organisations. The union later created the TNM system for staging cancer.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1933 as the year the union was founded in Paris. The History section gives 4 May 1935 for its first General Assembly in Paris, with representatives of 67 national cancer organisations, which is the date stored here, and says the headquarters moved to Geneva in 1948. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Józef Piłsudski died on 12 May 1935. A Polish statesman, he headed the state from 1918 to 1922, was made Marshal of Poland in 1920, and effectively led the Second Republic from 1926 until his death.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway opened this infill station for service on 13 May 1935, to serve the new Elm Park Garden City housing development. Hilton Young, the Minister of Health, officially opened it on 18 May.
Notes
The infobox, lead and body give 13 May 1935 for the start of service, and the lead and body give 18 May 1935 for the official opening ceremony; Wikidata gives 13 May 1935.
Magnus Hirschfeld, a doctor and sexologist, died at Nice on 14 May 1935, his birthday. The Nazi government had taken away his German citizenship in 1933 because of his advocacy, and he had founded a scientific and humanitarian committee and a world league for sexual reform.
Notes
Wikidata gives 14 May 1935 and also lists 15 May 1935; the article's lead and infobox give 14 May 1935, the same day as his birthday.
The Little Belt Bridge opens between Jutland and Funen
Architecture
Spanning the Little Belt, this truss bridge joins Middelfart, on Funen, to Snoghøj, in Jutland. Work began in 1929 and traffic first crossed on 14 May 1935, the strait having been served by ferries until then.
Notes
The infobox and body give 14 May 1935 for the opening, with building from 1929 to 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia) · Europe
Kazimir Malevich dies in Leningrad
Lives
Kazimir Malevich died on 15 May 1935. A painter and theorist of the Russian avant-garde, he had been a pioneer of abstract painting in the 20th century and launched Suprematism in 1915.
Moscow's metro started running in 1935 with a single line and 13 stations, the Soviet Union's first underground railway. Its first logo was a capital M above the word "МЕТРО".
Notes
The history section (first four stages of construction) says the first line began carrying passengers at 7 in the morning on 15 May 1935; the infobox and Wikidata give the same day, and the lead says only 1935.
The French composer, critic and teacher Paul Dukas died in Paris at 69 on 17 May 1935. He was so self-critical that he destroyed many of his own compositions, and The Sorcerer's Apprentice remains his best-known piece, kept before the public by the 1940 Disney film Fantasia.
Notes
Wikidata gives 17 May 1935 and also lists 18 May 1935; the article's lead and infobox give 17 May 1935.
The 23rd Giro d'Italia began and ended in Milan between 18 May and 9 June 1935. Vasco Bergamaschi of the Maino team took the title, ahead of Giuseppe Martano and Giuseppe Olmo, after a breakaway on the sixth stage that included him and Gino Bartali settled the race.
T. E. Lawrence, an archaeologist and diplomat, died on 19 May 1935 at Bovington Camp, Dorset. His role in the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule brought him world renown as "Lawrence of Arabia", the name later given to a 1962 film.
· Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine) · Europe
The new Sudeten German Party wins 44 seats in the Czechoslovak election
Politics & diplomacy
The newly founded Sudeten German Party gained 44 Chamber seats and 23 Senate seats, helped by funding from the German Nazi Party.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 19 May 1935; Wikidata gives the same date. The lead calls the result a victory for the Sudeten German Party, but the Chamber results in the full article give the Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants (the Agrarians) 45 seats against the Sudeten German Party's 44, although the Sudeten German Party had the larger share of the vote.
Hugo de Vries, a Dutch botanist and early geneticist, died on 21 May 1935. He put forward the concept of genes, introduced the term "mutation", and rediscovered the rules of heredity in the 1890s, apparently unaware of Gregor Mendel's work.
Fred Perry and Hilde Sperling win the 1935 French Championships
Sport
The 40th edition of the tournament now known as the French Open was played on the clay of Stade Roland-Garros in Paris between 21 May and 2 June 1935. Perry was the men's champion, and Sperling took the women's title.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935 for the tournament, with a start of 21 May and an end of 2 June 1935, matching the lead.
Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark marries Princess Ingrid of Sweden
Politics & diplomacy
The future Frederik IX of Denmark wed Princess Ingrid, a granddaughter of Sweden's King Gustaf V, at Stockholm Cathedral on 24 May 1935. Erling Eidem, Archbishop of Uppsala, conducted the service.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 24 May 1935 and Stockholm Cathedral (Storkyrkan); Wikidata gives the same day.
The Gemeentemuseum's new building opens in The Hague
Architecture
H. P. Berlage's museum building, constructed between 1931 and 1935, was officially opened on 29 May 1935, though the architect had died the year before. The collection holds the largest body of Mondrian's work anywhere, ending with Victory Boogie-Woogie.
Notes
The body gives 29 May 1935 for the official opening of the new building, and the lead says it was built between 1931 and 1935. The infobox gives 29 May 1866 as the museum's founding day, which is a separate event. Wikidata gives 29 May 1935.
Roosevelt creates the Works Progress Administration
Politics & diplomacy
By executive order 7034, issued on 6 May 1935, President Roosevelt created the WPA, a New Deal agency that set millions of people without jobs to work on public projects such as buildings and roads. Its initial funding was $4.9 billion, and over the years 1935 to 1943 it gave jobs to 8.5 million people.
Notes
The lead, infobox and establishment section give 6 May 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
John Ford directed and produced this drama, which Dudley Nichols adapted from a Liam O'Flaherty novel. Set in 1922, during Ireland's War of Independence, it follows Victor McLaglen as a disgraced Republican who turns on his old comrades and then sinks into guilt.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 9 May 1935.
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
Griffith Observatory opens to the public in Los Angeles
Science
Griffith Observatory and its exhibits opened on 14 May 1935 on Mount Hollywood's southern slope in Griffith Park, after construction began on 20 June 1933. It is named for its benefactor, Griffith J. Griffith, whose will has kept admission free since the opening.
Notes
The history section gives 14 May 1935 and the infobox gives 14 May 1935 as the inauguration date; Wikidata gives the same day.
Michael Curtiz's Black Fury, starring Paul Muni, is released
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Michael Curtiz directed this US crime film, featuring Paul Muni, Karen Morley and William Gargan. The plot draws on a Pennsylvania strike of 1929 in which company police beat one of the striking miners to death, and several American states banned the film for inciting social conflict.
Notes
The infobox gives 18 May 1935 as the release date, while the body quotes a review from April 1935, so some showings came earlier. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Chicago, Illinois, United States · North America
Jane Addams dies in Chicago
LivesSome details uncertain
Jane Addams, an American reformer and social worker, died on 21 May 1935 in Chicago. In 1889 she had helped found Hull House, a settlement house for poor and largely immigrant families, and in 1931 she shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Nicholas Murray Butler.
Notes
Wikidata gives 22 May 1935; the article's lead and infobox both give 21 May 1935.
The Supreme Court ruling that ends the National Recovery Administration
Politics & diplomacy
The Supreme Court unanimously held that the National Industrial Recovery Act breached the separation of powers, and the agency Roosevelt had established under it in 1933 soon ceased operating. It had let industries draw up codes of fair competition, with participating firms displaying its Blue Eagle emblem.
Notes
The infobox and body give 27 May 1935 for the ruling in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States; Wikidata gives the same day. The body adds that Congress extended part of the law until 1 April 1936 and that the agency was reorganised by an executive order of 15 June 1935.
· Indianapolis, Indiana, United States · North America
Kelly Petillo wins the 1935 Indianapolis 500
Sport
The 23rd Indianapolis 500 was run at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Thursday 30 May 1935, and it was won by Kelly Petillo, whose riding mechanic was Jimmy Dunham. Crash helmets and coloured track lights were introduced as safety measures, yet it was still one of the deadliest runnings of the race.
On 31 May 1935 Twentieth Century Pictures joined Fox Film Corporation to create Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation. Today it is called 20th Century Studios and is owned by the Walt Disney Company.
Notes
The infobox, lead and history section all give 31 May 1935; Wikidata matches.
Fox Film and Twentieth Century Pictures merge as 20th Century-Fox
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Under its new president Sidney Kent, Fox Film Corporation joined with Twentieth Century Pictures in spring 1935, after talks that began in early spring. The combined firm was called Twentieth Century-Fox and is now 20th Century Studios.
Notes
The infobox gives 31 May 1935 as the date the company ceased; the lead gives 1935 and the history section says the merger took place in the spring of 1935 after talks in early spring. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The David Dunlap Observatory officially opens at Richmond Hill, Ontario
Science
Long run by the University of Toronto, the observatory was established in 1935, and the opening coincided with Clarence Chant's 70th birthday, after the mirror had been returned in May 1935.
Notes
The infobox gives 31 May 1935 as the establishment date and the body gives the same date for the official opening; Wikidata also has a second field giving only the year 1935.
Mujica was born in Montevideo, in the Paso de la Arena district, and died on 13 May 2025. As a Tupamaros guerrilla he was tortured and imprisoned for fourteen years by the military dictatorship, and he later served as Uruguay's president from 2010 to 2015.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 20 May 1935 and Montevideo; Wikidata gives the same day.
Congress passed the acts creating the bank on 28 May 1935. It took the place of the currency board that had been operating since 1899, and Ernesto Bosch was its first president, serving until 1945.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 28 May 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
The Spartak sports society set up a football team in Yerevan in 1935. It is now a professional club in the Armenian Premier League, and its badge has a white eagle resting on a football.
Notes
The infobox gives 10 May 1935 as the founding date and 2007 as a second founding entry; the history section says the Spartak sports society set up the team in 1935. Wikidata gives 10 May 1935.
· Quetta, Baluchistan Agency, British India (now Pakistan) · Asia
Earthquake destroys Quetta in Baluchistan
Disasters
A magnitude 7.7 earthquake hit Quetta on 31 May 1935, caused by movement on the Ghazaband Fault. Estimates of the death toll range from 30,000 to 60,000, and the centre lay 4 km south-west of Ali Jaan, close to the border with southern Afghanistan.
Notes
Local date stored: the lead puts the shock early on 31 May 1935, between 2:30 and 3:40 in the morning. NOAA UTC date 1935-05-30 21:32 (21:32:46); the infobox timestamp is 30 May 1935 21:32:57 UTC, and Wikidata gives 30 May, the UTC day. NOAA lists magnitude 7.5 and 60,000 deaths; the Wikipedia article gives 7.7 and 30,000 to 60,000 deaths.
The Academy of Iran, the first academy for Persian, is founded
Art & literature
The Academy of Iran was founded in Tehran on 20 May 1935 at the initiative of Reza Shah, the first ruler of the Pahlavi dynasty. As the Academy of Persian Language and Literature it is now the body that regulates the Persian language, and it backs research into Persian and the other Iranian languages.
Notes
The lead, history section and infobox give 20 May 1935; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) · Africa
African mineworkers on the Copperbelt of Northern Rhodesia go on strike
Politics & diplomacy
African mineworkers across the Copperbelt Province struck on 29 May 1935 in protest against colonial taxes, hitting Mufulira, Nkana and Roan Antelope, three of its four big copper mines. The strike ended after police killed six protesters near Roan Antelope.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 29 May 1935 for the start of the strike; Wikidata gives the same day. The body says police at Mufulira announced the tax rise on 21 May 1935.
· New England region, New South Wales, Australia · Oceania
New England National Park is created in New South Wales
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The park was created in May 1935 in the New England region, on the Northern Tablelands. Most of the land had been made a reserve in 1931 and was dedicated to public recreation in 1935, and mining leases for antimony were granted there between 1934 and 1956.
Notes
The lead gives May 1935 for the creation of the park, and the history section says the area was dedicated for public recreation in 1935 after being declared a reserve in 1931. The infobox and category give May 1937 as the established date, which disagrees with the lead, so confidence is medium. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Norman Foster, raised in a working-class family in Stockport, studied at the University of Manchester and then at Yale's School of Architecture. With Richard Rogers he co-founded the group Team 4, and in 1967 he set up Foster Associates.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1 June 1935, and the infobox gives Reddish, Stockport; Wikidata gives the same day.
The Stade Municipal, later Stade Auguste-Delaune, opens in Reims
Architecture
The multi-use stadium was inaugurated on 2 June 1935 under the name Stade Municipal. It is mostly used for football and is where Stade de Reims plays its home matches.
Notes
The infobox gives 2 June 1935 as the opening date; Wikidata gives the same day.
Alfred Hitchcock's British spy thriller, with Robert Donat and Madeleine Carroll, opened in London on 6 June 1935. Richard Hannay, wrongly suspected of murder, runs to Scotland while trying to foil a ring of spies who are taking military secrets.
Notes
Wikidata gives the year 1935; the infobox gives 6 June 1935 in London.
Ivan Michurin, a Russian plant breeder, passed away on 7 June 1935. Over his lifetime he developed and introduced more than 300 new fruit varieties, and the town of Michurinsk carries his name.
Stanley Baldwin forms the third National Government
Politics & diplomacy
Baldwin formed the coalition on returning as prime minister once Ramsay MacDonald resigned in June 1935. Its members were Conservatives, Liberal Nationals, National Labour figures and a few independents. The government carried on through the abdication crisis of Edward VIII, and Neville Chamberlain took over when Baldwin stepped down in May 1937.
Notes
The infobox gives 7 June 1935 as the formation date; the lead gives June 1935 and Wikidata gives 7 June 1935.
A royalist alliance wins the Greek parliamentary election
Politics & diplomacy
An alliance of the People's Party and the National Radical Party won 287 of the 300 seats. The Venizelist parties boycotted the vote, objecting to two generals having been executed, to special courts and to a new electoral law.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 9 June 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
Eliot's verse play Murder in the Cathedral is first performed at Canterbury
Art & literature
The verse play had its first performance in the Chapter House of Canterbury Cathedral on 15 June 1935, written for that year's Canterbury Festival at the request of George Bell, Bishop of Chichester. It dramatises Archbishop Thomas Becket's killing in 1170, drawing heavily on the account of Edward Grim, who witnessed it.
Notes
The performances section gives 15 June 1935 and the lead gives 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Hindmarsh and Fontés win the 1935 24 Hours of Le Mans in a Lagonda
Sport
The thirteenth Le Mans endurance race, run on the Sarthe circuit over the weekend of 15 and 16 June 1935, went to the British Lagonda of Johnny Hindmarsh and Luis Fontés, ending a streak of four successive Alfa Romeo victories. Ten women drove, a Le Mans record, in four all-female cars.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the lead gives 15 and 16 June 1935.
Britain and Germany sign the Anglo-German Naval Agreement
Politics & diplomacy
Britain and Germany signed a treaty in London on 18 June 1935 that held German naval strength, for good, to 35 per cent of Britain's fleet by tonnage. Berlin saw a route to an alliance aimed at France and the Soviet Union; London saw the first of several arms-limitation pacts.
Notes
The agreement was registered with the League of Nations on 12 July 1935 and was abrogated by Hitler on 28 April 1939.
Germany adopts the Karabiner 98k as its standard service rifle
War & conflictSome details uncertain
On 21 June 1935 the Wehrmacht took on the Karabiner 98k, a bolt-action rifle using the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge, as its standard service rifle. Self-loading and automatic weapons later supplemented it in the Second World War, but it stayed the main German service rifle.
Notes
The lead gives 21 June 1935 as the adoption date; the infobox lists design in 1934 and service from 1934, and the history section says the Army Weapons Agency ordered a new rifle in February 1934. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The French author Sagan, born Françoise Delphine Quoirez, wrote novels, plays and screenplays, and died on 24 September 2004. Her best-known work, Bonjour Tristesse (1954), came from her teenage years.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 21 June 1935 and Cajarc; Wikidata gives the same day.
Rudolf Caracciola wins the 1935 French Grand Prix at Montlhéry
Sport
Rudolf Caracciola took the twenty-ninth French Grand Prix on 23 June 1935, in a Mercedes-Benz, over 500 km made up of 40 laps of 12.5 km. Slow chicanes had been added at Montlhéry to rein in the powerful German cars that kept winning.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 23 June 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
The 55th Wimbledon Championships took place on the club's grass in south-west London between 24 June and 6 July 1935 and were the year's third Grand Slam event.
Notes
Wikidata gives the year 1935, with a start of 24 June and an end of 6 July 1935, matching the lead and infobox.
Haiti votes in a referendum extending President Sténio Vincent's term
Politics & diplomacy
The vote changed the constitution to lengthen the term of President Sténio Vincent. By the reported count, 99.95 percent approved and only 297 voted against.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 2 June 1935; Wikidata gives the same date. The approval figure is reported, not confirmed. The year 1941 in the interest line comes from the background section (Hintergrund) of the German article, which says Vincent stayed in office until 1941 by extending his term through referendums.
Becky Sharp, the first feature in three-strip Technicolor, is released
Stage, music & film
Rouben Mamoulian directed this historical drama, the first feature to use three-strip Technicolor from start to finish. It is based on Langdon Mitchell's 1899 play, itself drawn from Thackeray's Vanity Fair, and Miriam Hopkins, in the title role, earned a best actress nomination from the Academy.
Notes
The infobox gives 13 June 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Gran Chaco, Bolivia and Paraguay · South America
The Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay ends
War & conflictSome details uncertain
Fighting over the northern Gran Chaco, begun in 1932, came to a close in June 1935. Bolivia's larger, better-equipped army was undone by trade problems and poor internal communications, and a 1938 treaty gave Paraguay most of the region.
Notes
The infobox gives 12 June 1935 as the end of the war. The lead places the formal conclusion at a July 1938 peace conference in Buenos Aires, where a treaty was signed. Wikidata gives 12 June 1935.
Carlos Gardel, the French-born Argentine singer, was killed on 24 June 1935 when an airplane crashed at Medellín, Colombia. Widely seen as the leading name in tango, he co-wrote classic tangos with Alfredo Le Pera, his lyricist.
Two aircraft collide at Medellín airport, killing Carlos Gardel
Disasters
On Monday afternoon, 24 June 1935, two Ford trimotor aircraft collided at Olaya Herrera Airport in Medellín, and only three of the twenty people involved survived. The Argentine tango singer Carlos Gardel was killed, as were Alfredo Le Pera, co-author of most of his songs, and the guitarist Guillermo Barbieri.
Notes
The lead and the infobox give 24 June 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Zhangbei, Chahar Province, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Four Japanese soldiers are detained at Zhangbei, starting the North Chahar Incident
War & conflictSome details uncertain
In June 1935 four Japanese soldiers without the required travel permits crossed into Zhangbei, in Chahar, and Chinese forces held them until the army commander ordered them freed. The Japanese consul at Kalgan then protested to General Qin Dechun, alleging that guards under him had insulted Japanese troops.
Notes
The lead gives June 1935 for the incident, with no day. Wikidata gives 30 May 1935 and lists 26 October 1934 as an alternative date, so the month stored follows the article.
The hull of the future carrier Shōhō is launched at Yokosuka
War & conflict
The ship was laid down at Yokosuka in December 1934 as the submarine tender Tsurugizaki, and her hull was launched on 1 June 1935. Rebuilt as the light carrier Shōhō from 1941, she was sunk at the Coral Sea in May 1942, the first Japanese carrier lost in the war.
Notes
The infobox and the 'Design, construction and conversion' section give 1 June 1935 for the launch at Yokosuka, after keel-laying on 3 December 1934 and before completion on 15 January 1939, and the Japanese Wikipedia article also gives 1 June 1935. The same section says rebuilding as a carrier began in 1941, and the lead says she was the first Japanese carrier sunk in the Second World War, at the Coral Sea on 7 May 1942. Wikidata gives 20 July 1935, which neither article supports.
China and Japan secretly conclude the He-Umezu Agreement
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
China and Japan agreed the deal in secret on 10 June 1935, after Japan's General Takashi Sakai had acted on 29 May, taking the killing of two pro-Japanese news-service heads as a pretext. It came two years before general fighting began in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Notes
The lead gives 10 June 1935 for the conclusion of the secret agreement; Wikidata gives 6 July 1935.
· Changting, Fujian, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Qu Qiubai is executed at Changting
Lives
The Chinese writer, poet and translator Qu Qiubai was arrested and executed at Changting, Fujian, by the Kuomintang-led Republic of China government on 18 June 1935. He was in practice the leader of China's Communist Party for a time in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Fujitsu is founded as Fuji Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturing
Economy & trade
Fujitsu was set up on 20 June 1935 under the name Fuji Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturing. Now based in Kawasaki, it makes computers and telecoms equipment and provides IT services.
The ILO adopts the Underground Work (Women) Convention
Politics & diplomacy
The International Labour Organization adopted Convention C45 on 21 June 1935, and it entered into force on 30 May 1937. Under its terms women are generally forbidden to do manual work in underground mines.
Notes
The infobox gives adoption on 21 June 1935 and entry into force on 30 May 1937; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
The International Labour Organization adopted the convention on 22 June 1935. It covers hours of work and working time, and it came into force in 1957.
Notes
The infobox gives 22 June 1935 as the adoption date and the lead gives 1935; Wikidata gives the year 1935. The infobox gives 23 May 1957 for entry into force while a link label in the same article gives 23 June 1957, so only the year 1957 is stated.
The National-Christian Defense League merges with the National Agrarian Party
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
In July 1935 the far-right, ultranationalist and antisemitic National-Christian Defense League of interwar Romania merged with the National Agrarian Party to create the National Christian Party.
Notes
The infobox gives 16 July 1935 as the dissolution date, while the body says the merger took place on 14 July 1935 in Iași; Wikidata gives 16 July 1935. Because the days differ, only the month is stored.
Heinrich Himmler set up the Ahnenerbe, "Ancestral Heritage", under the SS on 1 July 1935, to promote the racial theories of Hitler and the Nazi Party. It recruited academics from many fields, and from 1937 it counted officially as a branch of the SS.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1 July 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The history section places Himmler's meeting on that day at SS headquarters in Berlin, which is the source of the place.
The German bus and coach maker was founded on 1 July 1935 and started out making bodies to fit bus and truck chassis. It builds buses, trolleybuses and coaches, and in 2001 it was taken over as a subsidiary by MAN Truck and Bus.
Notes
The infobox gives 1 July 1935 and the history section gives 1935; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
André Citroën, who founded the car company bearing his name, met his death in Paris on 3 July 1935, from stomach cancer. His firm had gone bankrupt in 1934, its costs made worse by the Great Depression.
Belgium's Romain Maes led the 29th Tour, run over 21 stages from 4 to 28 July, from the first stage to the last, and his biggest threat, Antonin Magne, had to quit halfway after a motorist hit him. In stage eight Spain's Francisco Cepeda crashed on a fast descent and died.
Alfred Dreyfus, an officer in the French army, died in Paris on 12 July 1935. He had been convicted in 1894 of spying for Germany, driven by antisemitism, stripped of his commission and sent to Devil's Island, though later evidence pointed to Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy as the actual culprit.
The Irish poet, editor, critic, painter and nationalist George William Russell, who wrote as Æ, died on 17 July 1935 at Bournemouth, of cancer. He wrote about mysticism and was a central figure in a long-running Dublin circle of theosophists.
The Comintern holds its seventh world congress in Moscow
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
From 25 July to 20 August 1935 communist delegates from many countries met in Moscow: 513 delegates, 371 of them with full voting rights, for 65 member parties and 19 sympathising parties. The congress is remembered chiefly for endorsing a Popular Front against fascism.
Notes
Wikidata gives 25 February 1935 as the start; the lead and infobox give 25 July 1935, with the end on 20 August 1935.
· Woolsington, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom · Europe
Woolsington Aerodrome, now Newcastle International Airport, opens
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
The airfield was opened by the Secretary of State for Air on 26 July 1935 and was called Woolsington Aerodrome. As Newcastle International Airport it now serves Newcastle upon Tyne and is the main airport of North East England.
Notes
The history section gives 26 July 1935 for the opening as Woolsington Aerodrome, while the infobox gives 1967 for the opened year. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Nuvolari beats the German cars in the 1935 German Grand Prix
Sport
Driving an Alfa Romeo P3 on 28 July 1935, Tazio Nuvolari beat German cars with far more power, which had dominated the season until then, in cold and dreadful conditions. A crowd of 300,000 cheered him while Third Reich officials were left frustrated.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 28 July 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Santa Rita, New Mexico, United States · North America
Harrison Schmitt, the geologist and Apollo 17 astronaut, is born
Lives
A geologist who became a NASA astronaut and later served New Mexico as a senator, Harrison Schmitt walked on the Moon as the twelfth person to do so, on Apollo 17 in December 1972.
Notes
The lead, body and infobox give 3 July 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
The Wagner Act creates the National Labor Relations Board
Politics & diplomacy
On 5 July 1935 the NIRA gave way to the National Labor Relations Act, also called the Wagner Act. The board it set up, an independent federal agency, applies labor law where collective bargaining and unfair labor practices are concerned.
Notes
The infobox gives 5 July 1935 as the formation date and the body gives 5 July 1935 for the National Labor Relations Act; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Buffalo, New York, United States · North America
Lawrence Bell founds Bell Aircraft Corporation in Buffalo
Economy & trade
Lawrence Dale Bell launched the company on 10 July 1935, in Buffalo, New York. Its successor, Bell Textron, is now a Textron subsidiary based in Fort Worth, Texas, building military rotorcraft there and commercial helicopters in Mirabel, Quebec.
Notes
The history section gives 10 July 1935 for the founding of Bell Aircraft Corporation, while the infobox lists 1935 for Bell Aircraft and 1960 for Bell Helicopter.
The club was founded by Roberto Fernández on 16 July 1935 and named after Don Ricardo Saprissa Aymá, the sponsor of the team's kit. Its football side has been in Costa Rica's top division since 1949, wears burgundy and white, and its home is the stadium named for Saprissa Aymá in San Juan de Tibás.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 16 July 1935; the lead gives 1935. Wikidata gives the same day.
· Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada · North America
Donald Sutherland is born in Saint John, New Brunswick
Lives
The Canadian actor, born in Saint John on 17 July 1935, died on 20 June 2024 after a career of six decades. He won an Emmy and two Golden Globes and received an honorary Academy Award in 2017.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 17 July 1935, and the infobox gives Saint John, New Brunswick; Wikidata gives the same day.
Irving Cummings directed this American musical romantic comedy for Fox Film Corporation, with Winfield Sheehan as producer. Shirley Temple, John Boles and Rochelle Hudson take the main parts.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 July 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935. The song in the interest line is listed in the songs section of the full article, sung by Shirley Temple.
The Lima football club Centro Deportivo Municipal was formed in 1935, created from the 1934 merger of an earlier side, Círculo Deportivo Municipal, with another team. A runner-up place in the 1935 promotion tournament took it into the Primera División in 1936.
Notes
The infobox and body give 27 July 1935; the lead gives 1935. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Lhamo Thondup, the future 14th Dalai Lama, is born
Lives
Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, was born on 6 July 1935 at Taktser in Amdo, with the name Lhamo Thondup. As the leading spiritual figure of Tibetan Buddhism he led Tibet in both spiritual and temporal matters until 1959, and later headed the exiled Tibetan government from Dharamshala in India.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 6 July 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The infobox names Taktser in Amdo as the birthplace.
An earthquake struck the Hsinchu area of Taiwan just after midnight local time on 17 July 1935, when the island was under Japanese rule.
Notes
NOAA UTC date 1935-07-16 16:18 (16:18:58). NOAA's own comments give 17 July 1935 at 00:18:58 local time, the date stored, and Wikipedia's list of earthquakes in Taiwan also dates it 17 July 1935, at Hsinchu and Taichung. NOAA spells the place XIINZHU, read as Hsinchu. The toll is disputed, so no figures are given: NOAA lists magnitude 6.5, 2,746 deaths and the houses of 30,000 families destroyed, while the list gives magnitude 6.2, 44 deaths and 1,734 houses destroyed.
A partial solar eclipse of magnitude 0.2315 on 30 July 1935 was visible only from Antarctica. It was the fourth of five solar eclipses that year, coming after the one on 30 June and before the one on 25 December.
Notes
The 'Eclipses' table of the list of 20th-century solar eclipses has a row for 30 July 1935 giving a partial eclipse of magnitude 0.2315 seen only from Antarctica, and that list's lead says five eclipses in 1935 is the most in any year of the century. The Italian article on this eclipse (Eclissi solare del 30 luglio 1935) calls it the fourth solar eclipse of 1935 and names 30 June and 25 December 1935 as the eclipses before and after it; the English articles on the 30 June and 25 December eclipses list 30 July among the year's five. Wikidata gives 30 July 1935.
Berlin-Grünau hosts the 1935 European Rowing Championships
SportSome details uncertain
The men's European championships took place in August 1935 at Berlin-Grünau, the course planned for the 1936 Olympic rowing events, with crews racing in all seven Olympic boat classes. The 1934 championships had been at Lucerne and the 1937 ones were to be at Amsterdam.
Notes
The infobox gives August for the dates. Wikidata gives August 1935.
The Government of India Act 1935 receives royal assent
Politics & diplomacy
After Parliament in Britain passed it, the act received royal assent on 2 August 1935. For British India's last years, up to independence and partition, it acted as the constitution, made Burma and Aden separate Crown colonies, and divided Bihar and Orissa into two provinces while creating Sindh out of Bombay.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 2 August 1935 as the date of royal assent.
The Grossglockner High Alpine Road opens in Austria
Architecture
The road was opened on 3 August 1935, with full service starting the following day and an international car and motorcycle race to mark it. The route connects Bruck, in Salzburg, to Heiligenblut, in Carinthia, and crosses the Fuscher Törl, which stands at 2,428 metres.
Notes
The history section gives 3 August 1935 for the opening; Wikidata gives the year 1935 and also lists 3 August 1935.
Gino Bartali wins the 1935 Tour of the Basque Country
Sport
The eighth running of the race began and ended in Bilbao between 7 and 11 August 1935. Gino Bartali won, ahead of Dante Gianello of France and Spain's Julián Berrendero.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 7 to 11 August 1935; Wikidata gives the same dates.
Mabel Strickland and her parents, Lord and Lady Strickland, started the paper, now the oldest Maltese daily still published. Its first issue appeared on 7 August 1935, with the full co-operation of MI5, while Italy was preparing to invade Abyssinia.
Notes
The body gives 7 August 1935 for the first issue; the lead and infobox give 1935 as the founding year. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
The Neo-Impressionist Paul Signac died of sepsis at the age of 71 on 15 August 1935, in Paris. He had worked with Georges Seurat on developing Pointillism, and is remembered chiefly for paintings of the sea, harbours and rivers.
FIDE ran this team tournament in the Polish capital between 16 and 31 August 1935, with the Polish master Dawid Przepiórka chairing the organising committee. The American team won the Hamilton-Russell Cup, and the Women's World Chess Championship was played alongside.
The 5th Women's World Chess Championship is played in Warsaw
SportSome details uncertain
The women's title event took place in Warsaw alongside the 6th Chess Olympiad, which ran between 16 and 31 August 1935.
Notes
The lead says the championship was played during the 6th Chess Olympiad in Warsaw, which ran from 16 to 31 August 1935; the span of the women's event itself is not separately given, so the Olympiad's dates are stored.
The UCI Road World Championships are held at Floreffe in Belgium
Sport
The fifteenth edition took place on Sunday 18 August 1935. Amateurs rode twelve laps of the circuit, while the professionals rode sixteen laps, 216 kilometres in all.
The third Tour de Suisse started and finished in Zürich between 24 and 31 August 1935. Gaspard Rinaldi won, with Switzerland's Leo Amberg second and Henri Garnier of Belgium third.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 24 to 31 August 1935; Wikidata gives the same dates.
The fifth World Archery Championships are held in Brussels
Sport
FITA organised the fifth World Archery Championships in Brussels between 26 and 31 August 1935, and controversy followed the men's result. That event used an elimination format never repeated: the top scorers from a standard round shot a final round at 30 metres.
Notes
The opening paragraphs of the English article give the final round's distance as 30m, shot after a standard round of six rounds at distances from 30m to 90m, and call this the first and only use of the elimination format.
Friedrich Otto Schott, a German chemist and glass technologist born in Witten in 1851, died on 27 August 1935 in Jena. He invented borosilicate glass and studied how the make-up of glass governs its properties.
Notes
The infobox gives 27 August 1935 as the death date and Jena as the place; the lead gives only the years 1851 to 1935. Wikidata gives the same day.
Astrid, born a Swedish princess of the House of Bernadotte, died at Küssnacht am Rigi on 29 August 1935, having married Leopold III in 1926. During Belgium's economic crisis of 1935 she launched a "Queen's Appeal" to collect clothes, money and food for the poor.
Henri Barbusse, who was both a novelist and a political activist, died in the Soviet capital on 30 August 1935. A pacifist before 1914, he volunteered for the war and won the Croix de guerre, then drew on his own experience for Under Fire (1916), which influenced Hemingway and Remarque.
The club's new ground opened on 31 August 1935, having taken just 82 days to build. It replaced The Nest, which the Football Association had warned on 15 May that year was unsuitable for big crowds, and work began on 11 June, ten days after the site was bought.
Notes
The lead gives 31 August 1935 as the opening day; the infobox gives the year 1935 and Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Butler, Pennsylvania, United States · North America
Evans and Ward buy the failed American Austin company, starting American Bantam
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Roy Evans and William Ward Jr. joined forces in August 1935 and bought what remained of the failed American Austin company. Trading as Evans Operations Inc., the new firm turned out vehicles on the old American Austin tooling.
Notes
The lead and infobox give August 1935 for the purchase of the assets, with no day. The body gives 2 June 1936 for the incorporation of American Bantam Car Company. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Call of the Wild, with Clark Gable and Loretta Young, is released
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
William A. Wellman directed this adventure Western drawn from Jack London's novel of 1903, starring Clark Gable and Loretta Young, with Jack Oakie also in the cast. The screenplay was by Gene Fowler and Leonard Praskins.
Notes
The infobox gives 9 August 1935 as the release date. Wikidata gives 9 August 1935 and also lists 18 November 1935.
Tay Garnett directed this MGM adventure, with Clark Gable as a sea captain and Jean Harlow as his paramour, alongside Wallace Beery. Rosalind Russell, Lewis Stone and Hattie McDaniel are also in the cast.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 9 August 1935.
Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the act into law on 14 August 1935 as part of the New Deal. It created the Social Security programme and insurance against unemployment, and Labor Secretary Frances Perkins had led the committee that drafted the plan.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935 and lists 14 August 1935 as a publication date; the lead and infobox both give 14 August 1935 as the signing day.
· near Barrow, Alaska Territory, United States · North America
Will Rogers and Wiley Post die in a plane crash near Barrow, Alaska
Lives
The entertainer Will Rogers, a Cherokee-American humorist, died on 15 August 1935 together with the aviator Wiley Post when their light aircraft went down on take-off from a lagoon near Barrow. He had made 71 films and written over 4,000 syndicated newspaper columns.
RKO's romantic drama, directed by George Stevens, adapts Booth Tarkington's novel for the second time on screen. It earned Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and for Best Actress.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 15 August 1935.
· Pasadena, California, United States · North America
Charlotte Perkins Gilman dies in Pasadena
Lives
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, an American novelist and reformer who had argued for euthanasia for the terminally ill, died by suicide in Pasadena on 17 August 1935 with an overdose of chloroform. She is best remembered for "The Yellow Wallpaper" (1892), a story drawn partly from her own life.
· Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States · North America
Ron Paul is born in Pittsburgh
Lives
Ron Paul, an American physician, author and activist, became a congressman from Texas, sitting in the House from 1976 to 1977, from 1979 to 1985 and from 1997 to 2013. He criticises the Federal Reserve.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 20 August 1935, and the infobox gives Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Wikidata gives the same day. The lead gives his House terms as 1976 to 1977, 1979 to 1985 and 1997 to 2013, and his presidential runs in 1988, 2008 and 2012.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Cecil B. DeMille's The Crusades premieres in New York
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Paramount Pictures released this American historical epic, which Cecil B. DeMille both directed and produced. Its story loosely follows England's Richard I on the Third Crusade, and his wife Berengaria.
Notes
The lead gives a New York City premiere on 21 August 1935 and general release on 25 October 1935. The infobox lists 21 August 1935 for New York City and 25 October 1935 as the US premiere. The premiere date is stored. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Norwich, Connecticut, United States · North America
Annie Proulx is born in Norwich, Connecticut
Lives
Annie Proulx is a novelist and short-story writer who has also done journalism. The Shipping News, her second novel, took the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 22 August 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
· Detroit, Michigan, United States · North America
The United Auto Workers hold their founding convention in Detroit
Economy & trade
The United Auto Workers began their founding convention in Detroit on 26 August 1935, growing out of an American Federation of Labor organizing drive among car workers. They joined the Committee for Industrial Organization in 1936 and grew rapidly into the 1950s.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 August 1935 as the formation date and the history section gives the same day for the start of the founding convention; Wikidata gives only the year 1935. The lead says the union was founded as part of the CIO, but the history section says it grew out of an American Federation of Labor drive and joined the Committee for Industrial Organization in 1936; the history section is followed.
· Newburgh, New York, United States · North America
Geraldine Ferraro, the first woman nominated for vice president by a major party, is born
Lives
Ferraro sat in the House of Representatives in Washington from 1979 to 1985, and in 1984 ran for vice president on the Democratic ticket with Walter Mondale.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 26 August 1935; Wikidata gives the same date. The Italian American point in the interest line comes from the full lead of the article.
· East Hampton, New York, United States · North America
Childe Hassam dies at East Hampton, New York
Lives
The American Impressionist Childe Hassam, born in Dorchester, Boston, in 1859, died on 27 August 1935. He painted urban and coastal scenes and showed six works at the Armory Show of 1913.
The Labor Day hurricane devastates the Florida Keys
Disasters
A hurricane hit the south-eastern United States in early September 1935. On the evening of 2 September it went by Long Key and a vast storm surge washed across the Keys; it came ashore again on 4 September, near Cedar Key in Florida.
Notes
The infobox gives formation on 29 August 1935, extratropical status on 6 September and dissipation on 10 September; the storm passed near Long Key on the evening of 2 September, Labor Day. Wikidata gives only the year, with start and end of 29 August and 10 September 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Top Hat opens in New York
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Mark Sandrich's musical comedy with Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers premiered in New York City on 29 August 1935, after filming began on 1 April. Astaire plays the tap dancer Jerry Travers, who goes to London to win over Rogers's character.
Notes
The infobox gives a New York City premiere on 29 August 1935; Wikidata gives 30 August 1935 and also lists 12 August 1935, 6 September 1935 and 10 February 1936.
· Chicago, Illinois, United States · North America
William Friedkin is born in Chicago
Lives
A director and producer, Friedkin was a prominent name in 1970s New Hollywood. His thriller The French Connection won five Oscars, including best picture and best director.
Notes
The lead, body and infobox give 29 August 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
This New Deal programme paid for visual arts across the country, run nationally by Holger Cahill under the sponsorship of the Works Progress Administration. Conceived as relief work, it put artists to work making murals, sculpture, paintings, photographs and posters, with money from the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
Notes
The infobox gives formed 29 August 1935 and the body gives operation from 29 August 1935 to 30 June 1943; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
The 1935 U.S. National Championships are played at Forest Hills
SportSome details uncertain
The tournament that became the US Open was held on grass at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills between 29 August and 12 September 1935. It was the 55th edition and the year's fourth Grand Slam event.
Notes
Wikidata gives the year 1935 with a start of 19 August and an end of 12 September 1935; the lead gives 29 August to 12 September.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Greta Garbo stars in the film Anna Karenina
Stage, music & film
Clarence Brown directed MGM's version of Tolstoy's novel, with Greta Garbo and Fredric March, which opened at New York's Capitol Theatre on 30 August 1935. At the Venice Film Festival it received the Mussolini Cup as best foreign film.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 30 August 1935 for New York City.
· Singapore, Straits Settlements (now Singapore) · Asia
United Chinese Bank, later United Overseas Bank, is founded in Singapore
Economy & trade
The Sarawak-born Wee Kheng Chiang and six other partners founded the bank during the Great Depression. It began business in October 1935 from rented premises at Boat Quay, mainly making short-term loans to local Hokkien traders.
Notes
The infobox and body give 6 August 1935 for the founding, and the body says it opened for business in October 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Cairo, Kingdom of Egypt (now Egypt) · Middle East
Rashid Rida dies in Cairo
Lives
Muhammad Rashid Rida, a scholar and reformer of Islam, died in the Egyptian capital on 22 August 1935. Counted as an early Salafist, he pressed for a revival of hadith studies, condemned the secularism and nationalism that spread once the Ottoman sultanate ended, and promoted a pan-Islamist scheme for a revived Caliphate.
Notes
The infobox gives two possible birth dates for Rida, 23 September 1865 or 17 October 1865; the death date of 22 August 1935 is given in both the lead and the infobox.
The professional club from Kumasi, nicknamed the Porcupine Warriors, was founded on 31 August 1935 and plays at the Baba Yara Stadium. It holds the league record of 24 titles and has won the CAF Champions League twice.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 31 August 1935 and the history section gives 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Hoffmeister and Teichgraeber discover the Alpha Aurigids meteor shower
ScienceSome details uncertain
C. Hoffmeister and A. Teichgraeber discovered the Alpha Aurigids on the night of 31 August 1935, and the shower was seen again in 1986, 1994 and 2007. Its meteors come from the comet Kiess (C/1911 N1), and activity peaks in early September.
Notes
The 'Alpha' section of the English article names C. Hoffmeister and A. Teichgraeber as the discoverers on the night of 31 August 1935 and lists later sightings in 1935, '86, '94 and 2007; the German article (Alpha-Aurigiden) writes those years out in full as 1986 and 1994, and the Czech and Polish articles do the same. The comet Kiess is named in the English lead, and the infobox gives the peak as 1 September. Wikidata gives 31 August 1935 as the discovery. No place is given, so the region is set to Global.
In September 1935 Sergei Prokofiev composed his ballet Romeo and Juliet, Opus 64, based on Shakespeare's play, with a scenario by Adrian Piotrovsky and Sergei Radlov. He heavily revised it for the Soviet premiere in early 1940, and he also extracted three orchestral suites and a piano suite.
Notes
The lead says the ballet was first composed in 1935 and the history section places the composition in September 1935; the infobox lists a 1938 premiere in Brno and the lead gives early 1940 for the Soviet premiere of a substantially revised version. No place is given, so the region follows the composer's country.
Sportkring Beveren is registered with the Belgian football association
Sport
The Belgian association accepted the club as an official member on 6 September 1935, with matricule number 2300. It began with a request in July 1934, when a club from Temse approached a pub owner in Beveren about fielding a team.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 6 September 1935 for registration with the Belgian football association; the infobox gives 1 July 1934 for the club's creation. Wikidata gives 6 September 1935.
Poland holds a parliamentary election boycotted by the opposition
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Polish voters elected parliament on 8 September 1935 and the Senate a week later, under the April Constitution that the Sanation movement had drawn up earlier that year and that reshaped the electoral system in its favour. The opposition boycotted in protest, and turnout of 45.9% was the Second Republic's lowest.
Notes
The lead gives 8 September 1935 for the parliamentary election and 15 September for the Senate election; the infobox gives 15 September 1935. Wikidata gives 8 September 1935.
Paide, in Järva County, Estonia, is where Arvo Pärt was born. From the late 1970s his music has been minimalist, built on the tintinnabuli technique that he devised.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 11 September 1935 and Paide; Wikidata gives the same day.
The Russian rocket scientist died in Kaluga on 19 September 1935. His 1929 book Space Rocket Trains set out the idea of multi-stage rockets, and later Wernher von Braun, Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko drew inspiration from his work.
The Soviet Union establishes Marshal of the Soviet Union as a military rank
War & conflict
The rank was created by a decree on 22 September 1935 from the Council of People's Commissars. Formally second-highest but in practice the top rank, since only Joseph Stalin held the higher rank of Generalissimo and he preferred the uniform of a Marshal, it disappeared with the Soviet collapse in 1991.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 22 September 1935; Wikidata matches.
The British-American inventor William Kennedy Laurie Dickson died at Twickenham aged 75, on 28 September 1935. While working for Thomas Edison he devised an early motion picture camera.
The ground on Cicha Street, in today's Batory district of Chorzów, was built in 1934 and 1935 for Ruch Wielkie Hajduki, the successful club now called Ruch Chorzów, and it opened on 29 September 1935.
Notes
The English infobox gives 29 September 1935 in its built field and the lead says the ground was built in 1934 to 1935. The German and Polish articles both give 29 September 1935 as the opening day, with building from 1 July 1934. The Polish history section says the land was assigned after Ruch's first Polish title in 1933. The Polish article says the ground closed on 28 June 2025 and the German article says demolition began in August 2025. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Dark Angel, with Merle Oberon and Fredric March, is released
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Set in England, this American film tracks three childhood friends, played by Merle Oberon, Fredric March and Herbert Marshall, through the First World War. The script, by Lillian Hellman and Mordaunt Shairp, comes from a play by Guy Bolton.
Notes
The infobox gives 8 September 1935 as the release date, but the body quotes a New York Times review dated 6 September 1935, so the film was already showing by then. Both fall in September, so only the month is stored. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States · North America
Huey Long dies after being shot in Baton Rouge
Lives
Huey Long, nicknamed "The Kingfish", died on 10 September 1935 following his assassination in Baton Rouge. He governed Louisiana between 1928 and 1932, then sat in the U.S. Senate, and became nationally prominent during the Depression as a left-wing populist Democrat.
· Maple Heights, Ohio, United States · North America
Mary Oliver is born in Maple Heights, Ohio
Lives
Mary Oliver, an American poet, received a Pulitzer Prize in 1984, followed in 1992 by a National Book Award. Her childhood was spent in a semi-rural suburb of Cleveland.
Notes
The lead, body and infobox give 10 September 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Harvey J. Alter, the virologist who helped discover hepatitis C, is born
Lives
Harvey J. Alter, an American virologist and medical researcher, studied hepatitis that followed blood transfusions, work that opened the road to discovering the hepatitis C virus. By the mid-1970s his team had found that the A and B viruses were not behind most of these cases.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 12 September 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Morgan Stanley opens for business at 2 Wall Street
Economy & trade
The investment bank formally started trading on 16 September 1935 from 2 Wall Street, New York, with its roots in J.P. Morgan. It is now an international financial services company with its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan.
Notes
The history section gives 16 September 1935 for the formal opening of the firm's offices at 2 Wall Street, and the infobox gives the year 1935. Wikidata gives the year and also lists 17 July 2008, which is unrelated to the 1935 opening.
· Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States · North America
Alice Dunbar Nelson dies in Philadelphia
Lives
Alice Dunbar Nelson, a poet, journalist and political activist, died of a heart ailment at the age of 60 on 18 September 1935. A prominent figure of the Harlem Renaissance, she wrote poems, stories and essays about race, gender and respectability.
Roy Del Ruth directed this musical, with Jack Benny and Eleanor Powell leading the cast alongside Robert Taylor and Frances Langford. It marked the film debut of Buddy and Vilma Ebsen, was nominated for the Best Picture Academy Award, and began its New York run at the Capitol Theatre.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 20 September 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Hempstead, New York, United States · North America
Hofstra begins as an extension of New York University
Everyday life
Hofstra opened in 1935 as an offshoot of New York University, on land that had belonged to its namesake, William S. Hofstra, and became a separate college in 1939. Today it is a research university in Hempstead, New York, run as a private institution.
Notes
The infobox gives 23 September 1935 as the date established; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
The film studio Republic Pictures is founded
Stage, music & film
The original Republic Pictures Corporation operated as a film studio from 25 September 1935 until 1967, set up by Herbert J. Yates to safeguard Consolidated's future. Its output was mostly Westerns, serials and B-films, and it boosted the careers of John Wayne, Roy Rogers and Gene Autry.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 25 September 1935 for the original company; the body says Herbert J. Yates created the studio in 1935. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Ferriday, Louisiana, United States · North America
Jerry Lee Lewis is born in Ferriday, Louisiana
Lives
Nicknamed The Killer, Jerry Lee Lewis was a pianist, singer and songwriter in country and rock and roll, who died on 28 October 2022. He made his first recordings in 1952 in New Orleans.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 29 September 1935, and the infobox gives Ferriday, Louisiana; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Boston, Massachusetts, United States · North America
Gershwin's opera Porgy and Bess has its first performance in Boston
Stage, music & film
George Gershwin's opera premiered at Boston's Colonial Theatre on 30 September 1935, then moved to Broadway. The lyrics were by DuBose Heyward and Ira Gershwin, and the work grew out of the Heywards' play Porgy, which came from DuBose Heyward's 1925 novel.
Manuel Quezon wins the first nationwide election held in the Philippines
Politics & diplomacy
Manuel Quezon beat the former president Emilio Aguinaldo by a wide margin in the first Philippine election after the Tydings-McDuffie Act. The Philippine Independent Church's Gregorio Aglipay was also a candidate, and Sergio Osmeña took the vice presidency.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 16 September 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The infobox of the article on the Commonwealth of the Philippines gives 15 November 1935 as the Commonwealth's start, after this election, so the place is given as the Philippine Islands, then under United States rule.
Established by the Mahratta Chamber of Commerce at Poona, the bank was meant to serve small traders and businesses during India's cooperative movement. It passed into state ownership in 1969.
Notes
The infobox and body give 16 September 1935; the lead gives 1935. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Abraham Isaac Kook, born in Griva in 1865, passed away in Jerusalem on 1 September 1935. He had been the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi under the British Mandate in Palestine, founded the Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva, and ranks as one of the fathers of religious Zionism.
Soviet expedition finds Ushakov Island in the Kara Sea
Exploration
On 1 September 1935 the First Soviet High-latitude Expedition, travelling on the icebreaker Sadko under Georgiy Ushakov, located an island between Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya. It is uninhabited and almost wholly covered by an ice cap.
The Spanish Cortes debates the Straperlo roulette scandal
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
In October 1935 the Cortes debated Straperlo, a fraudulent roulette wheel operated by an electric button that had come to Spain from the Netherlands. With the help of CEDA, it cleared Rafael Salazar Alonso, who had been Interior Minister in 1934, and the scandal helped to bring down the Republican government.
Notes
The body gives October 1935 for the Cortes debate on the scandal. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Born Julia Elizabeth Wells, she became an English stage and screen performer, singer and author. She first performed in London in 1948 as a child, and her Broadway debut came in 1954 in The Boy Friend.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1 October 1935, and the infobox gives Walton-on-Thames, Surrey; Wikidata gives the same day.
German Communists hold the Brussels Party Conference near Moscow
Politics & diplomacy
Meeting at Kuntsevo, outside Moscow, between 3 and 15 October 1935, the German Communist Party abandoned its ultra-left Third Period line and gave its support to a wide anti-fascist Popular Front. It reaffirmed Walter Ulbricht and Wilhelm Pieck as its leaders.
Notes
The lead gives 3 to 15 October 1935 and Wikidata gives the same span.
Nicolas Thill finds the Loschbour skeleton in Luxembourg
Science
On 7 October 1935 Nicolas Thill found a nearly complete skeleton under a rock overhang beside the Black Ernz river at Mullerthal, in the commune of Waldbillig. The remains belong to a Homo sapiens from the European Mesolithic.
Notes
The infobox names Nicolas Thill as the discoverer.
On 10 October 1935 pro-royalist officers under the retired general Georgios Kondylis moved against Panagis Tsaldaris's elected government. The chiefs of the armed forces made Tsaldaris resign and pressed for the monarchy to be restored, with Kondylis becoming prime minister.
Notes
The lead gives 10 October 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
Pavarotti was born on the outskirts of Modena, the son of a baker who was an amateur tenor. Counted among the most acclaimed tenors, he moved into popular music late in his career. The Three Tenors, whose first concert coincided with the 1990 World Cup, included him, and he died on 6 September 2007.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 12 October 1935 and Modena; Wikidata gives the same day.
Formed from the 3rd Cavalry Division on 15 October 1935, with headquarters at Weimar, the division was one of three tank divisions Germany raised that year. Before the war it joined the occupations of Austria and Czechoslovakia, and then the invasions of Poland, Belgium and France.
Notes
The history section gives 15 October 1935 and the infobox dates the unit from 15 October 1935 to 8 May 1945; the lead gives 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The German Wine Route officially opens in the Palatinate
Everyday life
Officially opened on 19 October 1935, this is Germany's oldest tourist wine route. Gauleiter Josef Bürckel proposed a road through the winegrowing villages to increase sales, after a record harvest in 1934 and with another large one expected.
Notes
The body gives 19 October 1935 for the official opening, and the lead and infobox give 1935 as the year of establishment; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Arthur Henderson, once an iron moulder, died on 20 October 1935. He had been the first Labour cabinet minister, chaired the Geneva Disarmament Conference and received the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.
Garfield Weston founds Food Investments Limited, origin of Associated British Foods
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
W. Garfield Weston founded the company on 20 October 1935 as Food Investments Limited, and a month later it was renamed Allied Bakeries Limited. Between 1935 and 1956 Allied acquired ten national and regional bakery firms, and Associated British Foods, based in London, now owns brands such as Twinings, Ovaltine and Kingsmill.
Notes
The infobox gives 20 October 1935 as the founding date and W. Garfield Weston as founder; the history section gives 1935 and says the business began as Food Investments Limited, becoming Allied Bakeries Limited a month later. Wikidata gives the year 1935. The place comes from the infobox headquarters and was not checked against the founding site.
Soghomon Soghomonian, known as Komitas, passed away on 22 October 1935. A priest, composer, singer and musicologist of Ottoman-Armenian background, he is widely seen as the founder of Armenia's national school of music and a pioneer of ethnomusicology.
· Minster-in-Thanet, Kent, United Kingdom · Europe
Edward Carson, Baron Carson, dies in Kent
Lives
Baron Carson, the Irish unionist leader Edward Carson, died on 22 October 1935. A barrister and judge, he was styled Sir Edward Carson from 1900 to 1921, held posts including Attorney General, Solicitor General and First Lord of the Admiralty, and in 1917 joined Britain's War Cabinet without a department of his own.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 22 October 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The infobox names Minster-in-Thanet, Kent, as the place of death, while Wikidata gives the Isle of Thanet.
Stauning's Social Democrats stay largest in the 1935 Danish election
Politics & diplomacy
Denmark voted for its Folketing on 22 October 1935, and the Faroe Islands on 11 November. The Social Democrats of Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning stayed the biggest party, with 68 of the 149 seats.
Notes
Voting in the Faroe Islands took place on 11 November 1935.
Henri Pirenne, a Belgian historian from a Walloon family, passed away on 24 October 1935. His multi-volume history of Belgium was written in French, and his study of medieval towns gave a contested explanation of the end of Roman civilisation and the revival of urban life.
Notes
Wikidata gives 24 October 1935 and also lists 25 October 1935; the article's lead and infobox give 24 October 1935.
Switzerland holds its federal election of 27 October 1935
Politics & diplomacy
Swiss voters chose a new federal parliament on 27 October 1935, and the Social Democratic Party took 50 of the 187 National Council seats, more than any other party.
Notes
The lead gives 27 October 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
Poland's Nonpartisan Bloc (BBWR) is dissolved after Piłsudski's death
Politics & diplomacy
Linked closely to Józef Piłsudski and the Sanation movement of his day, the bloc was nominally non-political. After his death on 12 May 1935 it carried on, weakened, until 30 October.
Notes
The body gives 30 October 1935 for the dissolution, and the lead gives 1927 to 1935 for its existence; Wikidata gives the same day.
David Harvey, a geographer and anthropologist, is known above all for Marxist analyses of urban life and the broader economy. He is a distinguished professor at the CUNY Graduate Center in New York.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 31 October 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
Cole Porter's Begin the Beguine is introduced in Jubilee
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Cole Porter composed the song on a cruise in 1935, aboard the Franconia. June Knight sang it at the Imperial Theatre in October 1935, in the Broadway musical Jubilee, and the first successful recording was a 1938 swing version by Artie Shaw.
Notes
The lead gives October 1935 for the song's introduction in Jubilee. The infobox gives 16 October 1935 as the date it was published by Harms in New York. Wikidata gives October 1935.
The university was founded on 7 October 1935 under its first president, Octavio Méndez Pereira, after a presidential decree by Harmodio Arias Madrid on 29 May 1935. The first subjects taught were education, trade, natural sciences, pharmacy, law and pre-engineering.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 7 October 1935 for the founding. The history section says the university was created by presidential decree on 29 May 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Laramie County, Wyoming, United States · North America
United Air Lines Flight 4, a Boeing 247D, crashes near Cheyenne, Wyoming
Disasters
The Boeing 247D was on a scheduled service from Salt Lake City, Utah, to Cheyenne, and its last radio message placed it at the Silver Crown beacon. About 3 miles east of Silver Crown lay the wreckage.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 7 October 1935, shortly after 2 a.m. local time; Wikidata gives the same date.
Max Reinhardt and William Dieterle co-directed this film of Shakespeare's play, with James Cagney and Mickey Rooney in the cast. The script is based on Reinhardt's staging at the Hollywood Bowl the year before.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 9 October 1935.
Set among the Gold Rush gambling dens of San Francisco's Barbary Coast, this Hawks film blends Western, crime, melodrama and adventure elements. Joel McCrea stars with Miriam Hopkins as Mary "Swan" Rutledge, and Edward G. Robinson is the villain.
Notes
The infobox gives 13 October 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935, so the day rests on the infobox alone.
Mackenzie King's Liberals win the Canadian federal election
Politics & diplomacy
In an election dominated by the Depression economy and high unemployment, the Liberals led by Mackenzie King won a majority government and ousted R. B. Bennett's Conservatives.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 14 October 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, the pair who had made the original King Kong, directed this historical picture starring Preston Foster. It was first meant to be shot in colour, and on release it looked like a moderate box-office success, yet RKO lost money on it overall.
Notes
The infobox gives 18 October 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Hands Across the Table, with Carole Lombard, is released
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Mitchell Leisen directed this American screwball comedy for Paramount Pictures. Carole Lombard is a manicurist hunting for a wealthy husband and Fred MacMurray a penniless playboy, while Ralph Bellamy appears as a rich ex-pilot confined to a wheelchair.
Notes
The infobox gives 17 October 1935 for the showing in Baltimore, Maryland, and 18 October 1935 for the United States release; the later date is stored. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
In Lewis's political dystopia, Berzelius "Buzz" Windrip rises to power as the country's first outright dictator, while the editor Doremus Jessup spots his fascist programme early and becomes his fiercest critic. It came out on 21 October 1935, and Lewis and John C. Moffitt adapted it for the stage in 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives 21 October 1935 as the release date and the lead gives 1935; Wikidata gives 21 October 1935.
· Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States · North America
Charles Demuth dies in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lives
The painter Charles Demuth, born in Lancaster in 1883, died there on 23 October 1935. Watercolour was his speciality, with oils taken up only late in life, and his flower, fruit and vegetable pictures blend close botanical observation with loose Cubist abstraction, a style that became known as Precisionism.
Hemingway's second work of nonfiction describes a safari in East Africa lasting a month, which he took in December 1933 with his wife, Pauline Pfeiffer. Charles Scribner's Sons published the book on 25 October 1935, while Scribner's Magazine ran it in instalments between May and November.
Notes
The infobox and body give 25 October 1935 for the book, and the body says it was first serialised in Scribner's Magazine from May to November 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
In October 1935 the Kōbe Mosque was founded, the first mosque in Japan. The money was gathered by the Islamic Committee of Kōbe starting in 1928, and the Takenaka Corporation built it in reinforced concrete to a design by the Czech architect Jan Josef Švagr in an Indo-Islamic style.
Notes
The lead gives October 1935 and the infobox and body give 1935. Wikidata gives 2 August 1935, which differs from the lead's month.
· Taihoku, Empire of Japan (now Taipei, Taiwan) · Asia
The Taiwan Exposition opens in Taihoku
Art & literature
The exposition opened on 10 October 1935 and lasted 50 days, to 28 November, to mark four decades of Japanese rule over Formosa. Over a million people attended, and it was presided over by Governor-General Nakagawa Kenzō and Hiroyoshi Hirasuka, the director of general affairs.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 10 October to 28 November 1935; Wikidata gives the same dates.
· Yan'an, Shaanxi, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
The Long March ends as the First Front Army reaches Yan'an
War & conflictSome details uncertain
The Communist First Front Army arrived at Yan'an in Shaanxi on 19 October 1935, closing a retreat from Kuomintang forces. Roughly 100,000 troops had set out from the Jiangxi Soviet and other bases; only about 8,000 survived the march.
Notes
The infobox gives 16 October 1934 to 19 October 1935; the history section has the First Front Army arriving at Yan'an on 19 October 1935, about 8,000 strong. The infobox subtitle calls it a 1934-1936 retreat, and other Red Army forces met up in October 1936.
· Sinjar Mountains, Kingdom of Iraq (now Iraq) · Middle East
The Yazidis of the Sinjar Mountains revolt against conscription
War & conflictSome details uncertain
In October 1935 the Yazidis of the Sinjar Mountains rose against being conscripted into the Iraqi army, and Yasin al-Hashimi's government put the revolt down. Troops commanded by Bakr Sidqi reportedly killed more than 200 Yazidis, and the region was placed under martial law.
Notes
The lead and infobox give October 1935 with no day. Wikidata gives October 1935.
· Giza Necropolis, Kingdom of Egypt (now Egypt) · Middle East
Reisner finds the stone listing funeral gifts for the dog Abutiu
Exploration
On 13 October 1935 the Egyptologist George Reisner found an inscribed stone at the Giza Necropolis listing the gifts for a dog's funeral. Abutiu, believed to have guarded a king in the Sixth Dynasty, was given an elaborate burial ordered by a pharaoh whose name is unknown.
Notes
The lead places the find in October 1935; the discovery section gives 13 October 1935.
Without declaring war, Italy sent a large army under Marshal Emilio De Bono over the Eritrean border into Ethiopia on 3 October 1935, while General Rodolfo Graziani advanced from Italian Somalia. Adwa fell within three days and Aksum on 15 October, against a defence led by Haile Selassie I.
Notes
The infobox gives 3 October 1935 to 5 May 1936 for the war; Wikidata gives a start of 3 October 1935 and an end of 19 February 1937. Italy attacked without a declaration of war.
Rex, the party set up by the journalist Léon Degrelle, was a Catholic authoritarian movement of the far right, which stood for a unitary Belgium and for the monarchy. It was active from 1935 to 1945 and never did well beyond Wallonia and Brussels.
Notes
The infobox gives 2 November 1935 as the foundation date; Wikidata gives November 1935 and the lead gives 1935.
Greek voters were asked on 3 November 1935 whether the monarchy should be restored, and nearly 97.9 per cent approved, though the ballot was neither free nor fair. On 25 November 1935 George II returned from exile and resumed the throne.
Notes
The date is given in the Gregorian calendar. The lead says the conduct of the vote was far from free or fair.
The Ukrainian director Oleksandr Dovzhenko made this 1935 Soviet drama with Mosfilm and VUFKU. Set in the future, it is an adventure story about a Russian outpost in eastern Siberia, in the Far East of the Soviet Union, threatened with Japanese attack.
Notes
The infobox gives 6 November 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Hitler dissolves the remaining Stahlhelm groups by decree
Politics & diplomacy
Hitler issued a decree on 7 November 1935 dissolving the veterans' organisation's last local groups. Der Stahlhelm was a revanchist association of First World War veterans that claimed inspiration from Italian fascism and barred Jewish veterans, and much of it had been absorbed into the SA after a renaming in 1934.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 7 November 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
The sister of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, two years his junior, died in Weimar on 8 November 1935. She had founded the Nietzsche Archive in 1894, and Adolf Hitler and several senior German officials took part in her funeral.
Alain Delon was born in Sceaux, a wealthy Paris suburb, and died on 18 August 2024. A leading French film actor, he was also a producer, a screenwriter, a singer and a businessman, and his films include Purple Noon, The Leopard, Le Samouraï and Rocco and His Brothers.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 8 November 1935 and Sceaux; Wikidata gives the same day.
The Düsseldorfer Eislauf Gemeinschaft came into being on 8 November 1935. It was renamed DEG Metro Stars from 1 March 2002 and reverted to its former name in 2012.
Notes
The lead gives 8 November 1935 and the infobox gives 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
The National Government wins the 1935 United Kingdom general election
Politics & diplomacy
Britain went to the polls on 14 November 1935, a Thursday. The coalition government, headed by the Conservative Stanley Baldwin, who had succeeded Ramsay MacDonald in June, won again by a wide margin, though by less than the first time.
The monument was unveiled on 18 November 1935 to honour soldiers killed in Latvia's War of Independence of 1918 to 1920. The designer, Kārlis Zāle, used granite, travertine and copper, and thirteen sculptural and relief groups depict Latvia's history and culture.
Notes
The infobox gives 18 November 1935 as the unveiling date; the lead says it was unveiled in 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Nazi government dissolves the Association of German National Jews
Politics & diplomacy
Following the Nuremberg Laws, the Nazi authorities banned the nationalist German Jewish organisation and wound it up on 18 November 1935. It had sought assimilation and had come to support Adolf Hitler.
Notes
The body gives 18 November 1935 for the dissolution after the Nuremberg Laws, and the lead says it was outlawed in 1935; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
John Jellicoe, the first Earl Jellicoe and an Admiral of the Fleet, died on 20 November 1935. He had seen service in the Anglo-Egyptian conflict as well as the Boxer Rebellion, and he commanded the Grand Fleet at Jutland in May 1916, a handling of the fleet that is still disputed.
The Soviet Union establishes the Order of the Badge of Honour
Politics & diplomacy
The Soviet Union created this civilian award on 25 November 1935, and the first awards followed the next day. It honoured outstanding achievement in sport, industry, research and cultural or social life, and a Soviet decree of 28 December 1988 replaced it with the Order of Honour.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 25 November 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The infobox gives 26 November 1935 for the first award.
Clement Attlee defeats Herbert Morrison in the Labour leadership election
Politics & diplomacy
Clement Attlee, the interim Labour leader, faced challenges from Herbert Morrison and Arthur Greenwood. Greenwood, the lowest-placed candidate, fell out after the first round, and Attlee went on to win.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 26 November 1935; Wikidata gives the same date.
· Kharkov, Soviet Union (now Kharkiv, Ukraine) · Europe
Physicist Moisei Korets is arrested in the UPTI Affair
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Moisei Korets was arrested on 28 November 1935 but was soon freed and back at his post. Later came the UPTI Affair, in which state security officers repressed scholars at the Kharkov physics institute, and the institute's leaders, including Lev Shubnikov, were arrested and executed.
Notes
The lead dates the wave of repressions at the Kharkov institute to 1938, during the Great Purge. The body gives 28 November 1935 for the first arrest, that of Korets, who was soon released. Wikidata gives only the year 1935 for the affair as a whole.
Fernando Pessoa died in Lisbon, the city of his birth, on 30 November 1935. Besides poetry he worked as a critic, translator and publisher, and he had also written as about seventy-five other, invented authors.
H. P. Lovecraft writes the horror story The Haunter of the Dark
Art & literature
H. P. Lovecraft wrote the story in a few days, from 5 to 9 November 1935, and Weird Tales did not print it until December 1936. It is a sequel to Robert Bloch's The Shambler from the Stars, in which a character based on Lovecraft is killed off.
Notes
The lead gives 5 to 9 November 1935 for the writing and December 1936 for the publication in Weird Tales; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· Garrison, New York, United States · North America
Henry Fairfield Osborn dies at Garrison, New York
LivesSome details uncertain
The palaeontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn collapsed and died suddenly on 6 November 1935 in the study of his house at Castle Rock above the Hudson. He had led the American Museum of Natural History as its president for 25 years, named Tyrannosaurus and Velociraptor, and cofounded the American Eugenics Society.
Notes
Wikidata gives 6 November 1935 and also lists 5 September 1935; the article's lead, infobox and personal-life section give 6 November 1935.
Frank Lloyd directed this Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer drama, with Charles Laughton as William Bligh and Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian. The story is the mutiny aboard HMS Bounty, based on books by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall.
Notes
The infobox gives 8 November 1935; Wikidata gives the year 1935 and also lists 22 November 1935 and 4 March 1936.
· Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes, Mexico · North America
Mexico decrees the Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl National Park
Politics & diplomacy
President Lázaro Cárdenas decreed on 8 November 1935 that a national park be created on the two volcanoes. The park spans the point at which México, Puebla and Morelos come together.
Notes
The infobox and body give 8 November 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
The Marx Brothers' A Night at the Opera is released
Stage, music & film
Sam Wood directed the comedy, which was scripted by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind. It opened the Marx Brothers' run of five films under contract to MGM after they left Paramount, and it was their first picture since Zeppo left the act.
Notes
The infobox gives 15 November 1935; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
George Stevens directed this American Western, a film biography of Annie Oakley made by RKO Pictures. Barbara Stanwyck and Preston Foster head the cast, joined by Melvyn Douglas and Moroni Olsen.
Notes
The infobox gives 15 November 1935 for the United States release; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Allan Stewart Konigsberg, later known as Woody Allen, was born on 30 November 1935. His career in the United States as a filmmaker, actor, writer and comedian has spanned more than seven decades across film, television and theatre.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 30 November 1935. Wikidata gives 30 November 1935 and also lists 1 December 1935. The infobox names New York City as the birthplace, while Wikidata names the Bronx.
· Natal, Recife and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil · South America
Leftist officers rise against Vargas in the Brazilian Communist uprising
War & conflict
In November 1935 leftist junior officers and Luís Carlos Prestes rose in arms against President Getúlio Vargas, acting for the National Liberation Alliance. It erupted in Natal, Recife and Rio de Janeiro, and the government prevailed.
Sir Charles Kingsford Smith disappears over the sea off Burma
LivesSome details uncertain
The Australian aviation pioneer, nicknamed Smithy, vanished with his co-pilot over the Andaman Sea on 8 November 1935 while trying to break the Australia to England speed record. Born in Brisbane and raised in Sydney, he had served at Gallipoli as a motorcycle despatch rider before moving to the Royal Flying Corps.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 8 November 1935 for the loss of Kingsford Smith over the Andaman Sea, together with his co-pilot Tommy Pethybridge. The article describes a disappearance; an undercarriage leg that washed up on Aye Island, Burma, about eighteen months later was confirmed to come from his aircraft.
The museum was founded on 10 November 1935, with construction of the main building, planned by Yoshio Yoshimoto, completed that year. This private museum occupies ground once taken up by the Ōzone Shimoyashiki compound.
Notes
The infobox gives 10 November 1935 as the established date and the history section says construction of the main building was completed in 1935; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Manila, Commonwealth of the Philippines (now Philippines) · Asia
The Philippines begin self-government
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The Philippines entered a period of self-government on 15 November 1935. The country, a Southeast Asian archipelago of about 7,641 islands, would see its independence recognised on 4 July 1946.
Notes
The infobox lists self-government as 15 November 1935 and does not otherwise describe the event; Wikidata gives the same day and also lists 4 July 1901 and 4 July 1946.
· Manila, Commonwealth of the Philippines (now Philippines) · Asia
The Commonwealth of the Philippines government is inaugurated in Manila
Politics & diplomacy
The government was inaugurated on 15 November 1935 at ceremonies in the Legislative Building. The Commonwealth, a United States territory, was a transitional step toward independence after the Tydings–McDuffie Act, with foreign affairs staying in American hands until it ended on 4 July 1946 and the Philippines became fully sovereign.
Notes
The infobox gives 15 November 1935 as the start date and the history section says the government was inaugurated that morning in Manila; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Said was born in Jerusalem, was a professor of literature at Columbia University, and also worked as a literary critic and political activist. He died on 24 September 2003 in New York. A founder of post-colonial studies, he is best known for Orientalism (1978).
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1 November 1935, and the infobox and lead give Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine; Wikidata gives the same day.
Mahmoud Abbas, also known as Abu Mazen, was born on 15 November 1935. He has been president of Palestine and of the Palestinian National Authority since 2005, and he belongs to Fatah, which he has chaired since 2009.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 15 November 1935, and the infobox gives Safed, Mandatory Palestine; Wikidata gives the same day.
Hoare and Laval secretly agree a plan to carve up Abyssinia
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
In December 1935 Britain's Samuel Hoare and France's Pierre Laval privately drew up a scheme to end the Italo-Ethiopian war by dividing Abyssinia, which would partly have given Mussolini his colony. When it leaked, outrage in both countries killed it, and both ministers lost their posts.
Notes
The lead dates the pact to December 1935; the history section says Hoare and Laval discussed how to end the war on 8 December 1935. Wikidata gives December 1935.
Estonian authorities arrest the leaders of the Vaps Movement
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
In December 1935 Estonia's authorities arrested leading figures of the Vaps Movement, a far-right, authoritarian organisation that grew out of veterans' groups from the War of Independence in 1929 under Andres Larka and Artur Sirk. The movement had already been closed by a ministerial decision in March 1934.
Notes
Dispute over what happened in December 1935. The English infobox says 'banned: December 1935' and its body says the movement was disbanded and its leading figures arrested in December 1935; the same body also says it was banned earlier, under the Tõnisson government in 1933. Estonian Wikipedia (Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit) says the Union was closed by decision no. 2387 of the Minister of Justice and the Interior on 22 March 1934, and its article on the veterans' movement (Vabadussõjalased) says the conspirators were arrested on 7 December 1935 after a coup plan set for 8 December, which historians now regard as a provocation by the authorities of the day. So the ban came in March 1934 and December 1935 was the round-up of leaders of an already illegal movement. Wikidata gives December 1935 as the end date. Only the month is stored because the sources differ by a day on the arrests.
Alvar Aalto and partners found the furniture company Artek in Helsinki
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Artek was started in December 1935 by Alvar Aalto and his wife Aino together with Maire Gullichsen and Nils-Gustav Hahl. Its name is a coinage joining art and technology, and its aim was to market the Aaltos' furniture and glassware and fit out their buildings.
Notes
The lead gives December 1935 and the infobox gives 1935 in Helsinki, with no day; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Bernhard Schmidt, inventor of the Schmidt telescope, dies in Hamburg
Lives
The Estonian optician Bernhard Schmidt died on 1 December 1935, after he fell ill late in November, having been to Leiden on business. In 1930 he had invented the telescope that bears his name.
Notes
Wikidata gives the place as Bergedorf; the infobox and history section give Hamburg.
Charles Richet, a physiologist at the Collège de France, died on 4 December 1935. He won the 1913 Nobel Prize for work on anaphylaxis, and he also investigated paranormal phenomena and introduced the word "ectoplasm".
Notes
Wikidata gives 4 December 1935 and also lists 3 December 1935; the article's lead and infobox both give 4 December 1935.
Lebensborn e.V. was set up on 12 December 1935 as a secret registered association begun by the SS, under Heinrich Himmler, to counter a falling German birth rate and further Nazi eugenics. Its maternity homes served SS families and it arranged adoptions, and during the war many children were kidnapped and placed in its homes.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 12 December 1935; Wikidata gives the same day. The lead says it was set up in Germany in 1935, and the infobox names Munich as the headquarters.
The French chemist Victor Grignard, born in Cherbourg in 1871, died on 13 December 1935 in Lyon. His Nobel Prize rewarded the discovery of a reagent and a reaction that now carry his name, each used to form carbon-carbon bonds.
René Clair's The Ghost Goes West is released in the United Kingdom
Stage, music & film
René Clair directed this British romantic comedy and fantasy, with Robert Donat, Jean Parker and Eugene Pallette in the leading roles, produced by Alexander Korda. It tells of a ghost from the Old World dealing with American materialism, and was Clair's first film in English.
Notes
The infobox gives 17 December 1935 as the UK release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Italy's Fascist regime launches the Gold for the Fatherland campaign
Politics & diplomacy
On 18 December 1935 the Fascist regime ran a nationwide appeal for Italians to hand their gold to the state, with iron rings given in exchange for wedding rings. The drive came after the sanctions imposed in response to Italy's invasion of Ethiopia that began on 3 October 1935.
Notes
The lead gives 18 December 1935 for the campaign; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
The Soviet-era Hotel Moskva opened, still partly finished, on 20 December 1935. Its design, by a team under O. A. Stapran and L. I. Savelyev, was reworked by the architect Alexey Shchusev, who was brought in as co-author, and the Four Seasons Hotel Moscow now stands on the site.
Notes
The body gives 20 December 1935 for the opening and the infobox gives December 1935 for the original building; Wikidata gives 20 December 1935. The designers' names and Shchusev's role as co-author come from the history section of the full article.
Kurt Tucholsky, a satirist and journalist from Germany, met his death in Gothenburg on 21 December 1935, the day after swallowing too many sleeping tablets at home in Hindås. He was a pacifist and left-wing democrat who had warned of the Nazi danger.
Notes
The history section says Tucholsky took an overdose of sleeping tablets on the evening of 20 December 1935 at his house in Hindås; the lead and infobox give his death as 21 December 1935 in Gothenburg.
· Gleiwitz, Germany (now Gliwice, Poland) · Europe
The Gleiwitz radio tower enters service in Upper Silesia
Technology
This wooden lattice tower stands in the Szobiszowice district of Gliwice, then the German town of Gleiwitz. It entered service on 23 December 1935, replacing a smaller transmitter nearby.
Notes
The body gives 23 December 1935 for entering service, after building began on 1 August 1934, and the infobox gives 1935 as the completion year; Wikidata gives the same day.
Alban Berg, of the Second Viennese School of composers, died on 24 December 1935 in Vienna, the city where he had been born and lived. He began composing at fifteen, studied with Arnold Schoenberg from 1904 to 1911, and blended Romantic lyricism with twelve-tone technique.
Paul Bourget, a poet, novelist and critic, died aged 83 in Paris on Christmas Day 1935. Five times put forward for the Nobel Prize in literature, he wrote Le Disciple (1889), a bestselling novel about the consequences of materialism and positivism.
Rufus Isaacs, the Marquess of Reading, was a Liberal politician and judge who died on 30 December 1935. His offices ranged from Lord Chief Justice to Viceroy of India and Foreign Secretary.
Leni Riefenstahl's Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht is released
Stage, music & film
Leni Riefenstahl's third documentary, after Triumph des Willens, covers the Nazi Party rally held in Nuremberg in 1935, with the German army as its focus. It shows a mock battle staged by German troops on Armed Forces Day.
Notes
The infobox gives 30 December 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
James Henry Breasted dies in New York City
Lives
James Henry Breasted died on 2 December 1935 of a streptococcus infection that followed his last expedition. In 1894 he became the first American with a doctorate in Egyptology, from Berlin, and in 1905 he took up the first American chair in Egyptology and Oriental History at Chicago.
Clarence Brown directed this American comedy-drama of 1935, adapted from Eugene O'Neill's 1933 play. Lionel Barrymore, Eric Linden and a youthful Mickey Rooney appear with Wallace Beery in the lead.
Notes
The infobox gives 6 December 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
The Frick Collection opens as an art museum in New York
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Created in 1935 as a home for the industrialist Henry Clay Frick's art holdings, the collection occupies his Beaux-Arts mansion on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. It centres on European paintings and decorative arts from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century.
Notes
The infobox gives 16 December 1935 as the date established; the lead says the museum was established in 1935. The history section says the museum's opening, first planned for 1934, was delayed by how complicated the construction was. Wikidata gives 16 December 1935.
Alfred E. Green directed this drama, in which Bette Davis appears opposite Franchot Tone. The script was Laird Doyle's, built on his story Hard Luck Dame, and her role won Davis the Best Actress Oscar, the first of her career.
Notes
Wikidata gives only the year 1935; the infobox gives 25 December 1935.
Sylvia Scarlett, with Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant, is released
Stage, music & film
George Cukor directed this romantic comedy, based on Compton MacKenzie's 1918 novel, in which Katharine Hepburn plays a woman con artist who disguises herself as a boy to avoid the police. Cary Grant co-stars.
Notes
The infobox gives 25 December 1935 as the release date; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Captain Blood is released
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Michael Curtiz directed this swashbuckler, which stars Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland. Drawn from Rafael Sabatini's 1922 novel, it tells of a doctor who is imprisoned, escapes and becomes a pirate in the West Indies.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 December 1935 for New York City and 28 December 1935 for the United States; Wikidata gives 19 December 1935.
Shenandoah National Park is established in Virginia
Politics & diplomacy
The national park, set in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, was established on 26 December 1935. Its main road, Skyline Drive, follows the mountain ridgeline, and the eviction of residents kept producing bad publicity during 1935.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 December 1935 as the establishment date.
Ronald Colman stars as Sydney Carton in the film A Tale of Two Cities
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Jack Conway directed this adaptation of Dickens's 1859 novel of London and Paris, with Ronald Colman playing Sydney Carton opposite Elizabeth Allan as Lucie Manette. Shooting ran from 4 June to 19 August 1935, the New York premiere was on 15 December, and the film went on release on 27 December.
Notes
The infobox gives 27 December 1935 as the release date, while the body says the film premiered in New York City on 15 December 1935. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
John M. Stahl directed this melodrama from Lloyd C. Douglas's 1929 novel, with Irene Dunne and Robert Taylor leading a cast that included Charles Butterworth and Betty Furness. At its New York premiere on 30 December 1935, at Radio City Music Hall, freezing weather did not stop the house from filling.
Notes
The infobox gives 30 December 1935 as the release date, and the production notes give that same day for the film's premiere in New York at Radio City Music Hall. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Juan Vicente Gómez, ruler of Venezuela, dies in Maracay
Lives
General Juan Vicente Gómez died on 17 December 1935 after ruling Venezuela in practice since 1908. He held the presidency in his own name only three times, running the country otherwise as an unelected strongman behind puppet governments, and public works built under him include the Transandean Highway.
The football club Juventud de Las Piedras is founded on Christmas Eve
Sport
A match planned by schoolboys in Las Piedras was stopped because priests were setting up a nativity scene on the pitch. Angry, the boys gathered in the town square that Christmas Eve and resolved to start a club.
Notes
The infobox gives 24 December 1935 and the body gives the same day, Christmas Eve 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
Nihon Diesel Industries, later Nissan Diesel and UD Trucks, is founded at Kawaguchi
Economy & trade
Nihon Diesel Industries was set up on 1 December 1935 at Kawaguchi, on the edge of Tokyo, under Kenzo Adachi, who bought diesel engine designs based on a Krupp-Junkers patent. It became Kanega-Fuchi Diesel in 1942 and Minsei Industries in 1946, and was known as Nissan Diesel until 2010.
Notes
The infobox gives 1 December 1935 and the body gives December 1935 with Kawaguchi as the location; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
TDK was founded in Tokyo on 7 December 1935 by Kenzo Saito, to make ferrite, a magnetic material based on iron that had just been invented by Yogoro Kato and Takeshi Takei. Its name is short for the original title, Tokyo Electric Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo Denki Kagaku Kōgyō).
Notes
The infobox and history section give 7 December 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
· Beiping, Republic of China (now Beijing, China) · Asia
Students in Beiping hold the December 9th Movement protest
Politics & diplomacy
A mass protest led by students took place in Beiping (now Beijing) on 9 December 1935, demanding that the Chinese government confront Japanese aggression actively. Public outcry over the demonstrations put off the setting up of the Hebei-Chahar Political Council until 18 December.
Notes
The lead gives 9 December 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
The club was founded on 10 December 1935 and began playing in 1936 under the name Osaka Tigers. Owned by the Hanshin Electric Railway, it plays at Koshien Stadium and is the second-oldest professional club in Japan.
Notes
The infobox and the history section both give 10 December 1935; the team itself was formed in 1936. The infobox lists Osaka Tigers 1935-1940, Hanshin Club 1940-1944 and Osaka Tigers 1946-1960. Japanese Wikipedia says the company set up that day was called the Osaka Baseball Club, and that the Tigers name was chosen on 10 January 1936. Nishinomiya is the town of the club's home ground, Koshien Stadium, and of its present headquarters; where the founding itself took place is not stated.
· Mirati, Bengal Presidency, British India (now West Bengal, India) · Asia
Pranab Mukherjee is born in Mirati
Lives
Pranab Mukherjee was born at Mirati in the Bengal Presidency and died on 31 August 2020. He served as India's president from 2012 to 2017, the first holder of the office to come from West Bengal.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 11 December 1935, and the infobox gives Mirati in the Bengal Presidency; Wikidata gives the same day.
Budi Utomo, an early Indonesian nationalist society, is dissolved
Politics & diplomacy
Budi Utomo, also spelled Boedi Oetomo, officially dissolved in 1935 and was succeeded by Parindra. Created on 20 May 1908, it had been among the first nationalist societies of native people in the Dutch East Indies.
Notes
The infobox gives 25 December 1935 as the dissolution date and the history section gives 1935; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Empire (now Ethiopia) · Africa
Saint George SC, Ethiopia's first football club, is founded in Addis Ababa
SportSome details uncertain
George Ducas and Ayale Atnash founded the club in December 1935 as Arada Kidus Giorgis. Ethiopia's first club, it competes in that country's top division, the Premier League.
Notes
The history section gives December 1935, with the Ethiopian-calendar month Taḫśaś 1928 given alongside; the lead and infobox give 1935. Wikidata gives only the year 1935. The Gregorian month is stored as the article gives it.
· Bloemfontein, Union of South Africa (now South Africa) · Africa
The All African Convention opens in Bloemfontein
Politics & diplomacy
Delegates met in a Bloemfontein community hall from 15 to 18 December 1935 to answer three bills put forward by J.B.M. Hertzog. Representation was broad, from the African National Congress to the South African Communist Party, and Alfred Xuma, Pixley ka Isaka Seme and D. D. T. Jabavu were among the delegates.
Notes
The lead and history section give 15 to 18 December 1935; the infobox gives December 1935. Wikidata gives the same four days.
An annular solar eclipse crosses Antarctica on Christmas Day
Science
On Wednesday 25 December 1935 an annular solar eclipse with a magnitude of 0.9752 occurred, its ring visible from parts of Antarctica. Elsewhere it appeared as a partial eclipse over Antarctica, New Zealand and the far south of South America.
Notes
The lead gives Wednesday, 25 December 1935; Wikidata gives the same day.
Events we can place in 1935 but not in a particular month.
Europe 54
· London, United Kingdom · Europe
Allen Lane founds Penguin Books
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Allen Lane started Penguin in 1935 with his brothers Richard and John, launching it under The Bodley Head's name before it became a company of its own in 1936. Its inexpensive paperbacks, sold in Woolworths and elsewhere, brought good books to a mass readership.
Notes
The lead says Penguin was co-founded in 1935, starting out as a Bodley Head imprint and becoming a separate company the following year. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Germany adopts the name Wehrmacht for its unified armed forces
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
From 1935 the German army, navy and air force operated together under the name Wehrmacht, replacing a term meaning Reich Defence that had been in use since 1919. The change reflected the Nazi drive to rearm beyond the limits of the Treaty of Versailles.
Notes
Wikidata gives 21 May 1935, the day the history section says the name Wehrmacht replaced the earlier term for the national defence force. The infobox gives 16 March 1935 as the founding date. Because the days fall in different months, only the year is stored.
The Stakhanovite movement begins in the Soviet Union
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
The Communist Party launched a mass campaign urging workers to raise output through rationalised work and socialist emulation. It took its name from the coal miner Aleksei Stakhanov, who reportedly far exceeded his quota on 31 August 1935, and a first national conference of Stakhanovites assembled in the Moscow Kremlin in mid-November.
Notes
The history section dates the movement's start to 1935, during the second five-year plan. It names the miner Aleksei Stakhanov, who reportedly set his coal record on 31 August 1935, and says the first All-Union Stakhanovite Conference met in the Moscow Kremlin on 14 to 17 November 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Nazi Germany creates the Oberkommando des Heeres, the army high command
War & conflictSome details uncertain
In 1935, as Hitler rearmed Germany, the army high command known as the OKH was created. It was the central body for German war planning until the reverse before Moscow in December 1941, preparing strategy for armies and army groups in the Second World War.
Notes
The lead and infobox give only the year 1935 for the founding. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Spanish groups merge to form the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The POUM was formed in 1935 when a Trotskyist group joined the Workers and Peasants' Bloc, with Andreu Nin and Joaquín Maurín as key founders. The merger went ahead against Leon Trotsky's wishes, so the Trotskyists broke with him, and the new party rejected the Stalinist communism that Moscow promoted.
Notes
The infobox, lead and history section give only 1935 for the party's formation. Wikidata gives 29 September 1935, a day not found in the article, so only the year is stored.
DELAG, the German airship airline, ends as a state-backed rival takes over
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
DELAG flew Zeppelin rigid airships and had been the first airline anywhere to carry paying passengers by air. It was badly hurt when the Nazis came to power in 1933, and in March 1935 its last airship, the Graf Zeppelin, passed to the new state-sponsored Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year DELAG ceased and gives no day. The lead and history section say a state-sponsored rival, the Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei, was established during 1935, and that the Graf Zeppelin was transferred to it in March 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Nabokov's Invitation to a Beheading begins serial publication
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Nabokov's Russian-language novel was serialised in 1935 and 1936 in Sovremennye zapiski, an émigré magazine, with a Paris edition following in 1938 and an English translation in 1959. He set aside work on The Gift to draft it in about two weeks.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 to 1936 for the serial in Sovremennye zapiski, while the body says it first appeared in Berlin in 1934. Wikidata gives the year 1935. The span 1935 to 1936 is stored, with no day or month.
Adolf Ehinger's paper shredder goes into manufacture in Germany
TechnologySome details uncertain
In 1935 Adolf Ehinger's machine became the first paper shredder to be manufactured. He built it on the mechanism of a hand-cranked pasta maker.
Notes
Wikidata gives 1935 and also lists 2 February 1909. The article's history section dates the first manufactured shredder, Adolf Ehinger's, to 1935 in Germany.
Lancôme began as a fragrance house in 1935, with five first scents shown that year at the Brussels exposition, among them Tendre Nuit and Kypre. It is now a cosmetics brand from France that L'Oréal owns.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 1935 for the founding; the founders named in the infobox are Guillaume d'Ornano and Armand Petitjean. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Germany's knockout football cup begins as the Tschammer-Pokal
SportSome details uncertain
The first edition of the cup, played in 1935 under the name Tschammer-Pokal, was the beginning of today's DFB-Pokal, which the German Football Association organises. Among German club honours only the league championship carries more prestige.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 1935 for the first cup, then called the Tschammer-Pokal; the finals table starts with 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Nabokov writes his last Russian novel, The Gift, in Berlin
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Between 1935 and 1937 Vladimir Nabokov wrote The Gift in Berlin, with the final chapter completed on the French Riviera. It was his last novel in Russian, and readers regard it as a farewell to the world he had left behind.
Notes
The lead and body give 1935 to 1937 for the writing, with the last chapter finished on the French Riviera in 1937. The infobox gives 1938 as the year of serial publication. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
In 1935 the Tătărescu government reserved part of the Retezat Mountains as a national park, the oldest in the country. The park is known for its plant diversity, with over 1,000 species, and for old-growth forest that is among the last unspoilt stands in Europe.
Notes
The lead and the history section give 1935; the infobox lists 2000 as the establishment year. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Italy's football federation renames its Prima Divisione as Serie C
SportSome details uncertain
For the 1935-36 season, the Italian federation gave the Prima Divisione the new name Serie C. The original Serie C lasted until 1978, and the name now belongs to the third tier of Italian league football, beneath Serie B and Serie A.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the founding year; the history section says the Italian football federation renamed the Prima Divisione as Serie C at the start of the 1935-36 season. The lead says the original Serie C existed from 1935 to 1978. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Hermès launches the handbag later named the Kelly bag
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
In 1935 Hermès brought out a handbag in a smaller size that could take a shoulder strap. Trapezoid in shape with a small padlock, it descends from a large leather bag the firm had made for horsemen, and it was later named after Grace Kelly.
Notes
The history section says the handbag was launched in 1935; the lead says it was created in the 1930s. The Kelly name honours Grace Kelly. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Irving T. Bush, an American industrialist, conceived this London building as a major trade centre. Building began in 1925, and the full complex was complete by 1935.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 1935 for the completion of the complex, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Construction begins on Stadion Feijenoord, "De Kuip", in Rotterdam
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Building of the Rotterdam football stadium nicknamed De Kuip, "the Tub", began in 1935 and finished in 1937. Feyenoord have played there ever since it opened, and it was also a concert venue from 1978 until concerts stopped after mid-2025.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 to 1937 as the building period and 27 March 1937 as the opening; the lead says the stadium was completed in 1937. The article says concerts began in 1978 and that the local government stopped allowing them after mid-2025. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Built for the 1878 Exposition Universelle in a Moorish and neo-Byzantine style, the Trocadéro Palace was meant to be temporary yet stood for about sixty years, despite complaints from critics about its style and acoustics. In 1935 it was demolished to clear the way for the Palais de Chaillot, in time for the 1937 Exposition.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 for the demolition, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Reliant, a British carmaker based in Tamworth, Staffordshire, began in 1935 and stopped making cars in 2002. Raleigh gave up its three-wheelers in 1934, and Reliant's founders built a very similar van, the first of which was delivered on 3 June 1935.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 as the founding year. The body adds that the prototype was licensed in January 1935 and the first Reliant was delivered on 3 June 1935, but it also says the first prototype was built in 1934. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The first European championship for men's national basketball teams was played in 1935, three years after the founding of FIBA. FIBA Europe today runs the tournament once every four years.
Notes
The lead and history section give 1935 for the first championship; the infobox lists 1935 as both the founding and first-season year. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
After the Cyprus Football Association came into being in September 1934, it began staging a yearly championship and cup, and the 1934-35 season was the official start of the competition. Trust took the first title, in 1935, and folded three years afterwards.
Notes
The infobox gives 1934 as the founding year, and the history section says the Cyprus Football Association was formed in September 1934. Wikidata gives 1935. The article's table says the competition officially began in the 1934-35 season, and the history section says Trust were the first champions in 1935. The date given is that first title; the founding year itself differs between the infobox and Wikidata.
Weizsäcker sets out the semi-empirical mass formula
ScienceSome details uncertain
In 1935 the German physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker first formulated a way to estimate the mass of an atomic nucleus from how many protons and neutrons it holds. The result mixes theory with measurement, and most of its terms rest on George Gamow's liquid-drop model.
Notes
The lead dates the first formulation to 1935 and names the German physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker; no place is given, so the region follows his nationality. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic and Slovakia) · Europe
Czechoslovakia builds its border fortifications
War & conflictSome details uncertain
From 1935 to 1938 Czechoslovakia built fortifications on its borders and defensive lines inland, to meet the menace of Nazi Germany. These were meant to stop a surprise attack by Germany, Hungary or Poland before mobilisation, and to hold until Britain, France and possibly the Soviet Union came to its aid.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 to 1938 for the building of the fortifications, and the body says the massive construction programme began in 1936. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The park in Gelderland, near Arnhem, Ede, Wageningen and Apeldoorn, consists of heathland, sand dunes and woodland. In 1935 an art collection was given to the Dutch state, which led to the Kröller-Müller Museum continuing to be built.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year established; the history section says the art collection was donated to the Dutch state in 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Nuremberg Laws abolish the exemption for Jewish front-line veterans
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Between 1933 and 1935 Nazi Germany had spared Jewish First World War veterans from dismissal under the April 1933 civil-service law, after Hindenburg insisted that front-line veterans keep their jobs. After his death, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 abolished that exemption.
Notes
The lead gives 1933 to 1935 as the period of the exemption and ties its abolition to the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Tullio Marengoni designs the Beretta Model 38 submachine gun
TechnologySome details uncertain
Beretta's chief engineer Tullio Marengoni designed the gun in 1935, developing it from the earlier Modello 18 and 18/30. It came out in 1938, saw service with the Royal Italian Army in the Second World War, and went first to police units in Italy's African colonies.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 1935 for the design, with no month or day; the lead says the weapon was introduced in 1938. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The summer sing-along at Skansen first drew an audience of about 50 people in 1935, and Sven Lilja is named as host for the years 1935 to 1950.
Notes
The article says the show started in 1935 with no day or month; Wikidata gives 26 May 1935, which the article does not support, so only the year is stored. Television broadcasts by Sveriges Television date from 3 August 1979.
Construction work starts at the airport serving Santiago de Compostela
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Work on the airport began in 1935, and the first scheduled flight from Santiago took place on 27 September 1937. Formerly called Lavacolla Airport, it is now named for the poet Rosalía de Castro and is the busiest airport in Galicia.
Notes
The history section gives 1935 for the start of construction and 27 September 1937 for the first scheduled flight; the infobox gives 1932 as the build year. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
These British tankettes were built between the two world wars, with output running from 1927 until 1935 and the Royal Ordnance Factories building them from 1933. The Mark VI, the most successful, was the only version made in significant numbers, and the design was licence-built in several countries and inspired others.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 1935 as the last production year, with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The airfield was built in 1935 and was home to the third group of Kampfgeschwader 255 until its destruction in 1944. The German Air Force's Jagdbombergeschwader 34 was based there from 1959 to 2003, and it now operates as an international airport for Memmingen in Bavaria.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 as the year the airport was built. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Musée Pasteur is established at the Institut Pasteur in Paris
ScienceSome details uncertain
Dedicated to Louis Pasteur, the museum dates from 1935 and sits in the Institut Pasteur, where it preserves the apartment in which he spent his last seven years.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 as the year of establishment, with no day or month; a second Wikidata field gives only the year 1935.
· Zaporizhzhia, Soviet Union (now Ukraine) · Europe
The steel company Zaporizhstal forms the football club Stal
SportSome details uncertain
The steel company Zaporizhstal formed the football club Stal in 1935. As Metalurh Zaporizhzhia the original club lasted until 2016 and set a number of Soviet football records, and a phoenix club of the original side was set up again in 2017.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935. The current club was re-established in 2017.
Aimo Lahti began designing this semi-automatic pistol in 1929, with Finnish production in mind. It was patented in 1935 and adopted by the Finnish forces the same year as the Pistooli L-35, serving through both the Winter War and the Continuation War.
Notes
The body gives 1935 for both the patent and the formal adoption, with no day or month. The infobox gives production from 1935 to 1951 and the lead 1935 to 1952. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Soviet authorities destroy the Pyrohoshcha Church in Kyiv
Religion & philosophySome details uncertain
Soviet officials had the church destroyed in 1935, citing the reconstruction of the square as the reason. In 1934 it had briefly, for under a year, been the cathedral of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Church.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 with no day or month; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Production of the Polish Vis pistol begins at Radom
TechnologySome details uncertain
The Vis, also known in English as the Radom, is a Polish 9 mm single-action semi-automatic pistol. Production began in 1935 at the arms factory in Radom, and the Polish Army made it standard issue the next year. German forces kept it in production after the 1939 invasion and issued it to Waffen-SS units.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 for the start of production and the body gives late 1935 for mass production, with no day. The lead and body say the army adopted it the following year, while the users list gives Polish Army service from 1935 to 1939. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Tour de Luxembourg is an annual multi-stage road race for professionals, first run in 1935. It has been part of the UCI Europe Tour since 2006 and the UCI ProSeries since 2020.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year of the first edition, with no date within the year; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Lombardy and Trentino-Alto Adige, Kingdom of Italy (now Italy) · Europe
Stelvio National Park is established in northeast Italy
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The park, established in 1935, spreads across 24 municipalities in the two regions of Lombardia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It ranks fourth in size among Italy's parks and borders others including Adamello Regional Park and the Swiss National Park.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives 24 April 1935, but the article gives only the year, so only the year is stored.
Otto Neurath's pictorial statistics method gets the name Isotype
ScienceSome details uncertain
Around 1935 the method of showing social and historical links through standardised picture symbols took the name Isotype. It began in Vienna as the Vienna Method of Pictorial Statistics, and when the museum behind it closed in 1934 Neurath, Reidemeister and Arntz went into exile in the Netherlands.
Notes
The lead dates the name Isotype to around 1935, after its main practitioners had to leave Vienna. Wikidata gives the year 1935. The method was developed in Vienna between 1925 and 1934; no place is stated for the naming, so the region is set from the method's Vienna origin.
Mora IK, an ice hockey club from the Swedish town of Mora, was founded in 1935. Its only Swedish championship final, in 1950, ended in a 7-2 loss to Djurgårdens IF, and it has played in the top two divisions since 1944-45. After the 2019 SHL qualifiers it dropped to HockeyAllsvenskan.
Notes
The infobox and body give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Zoo directors meet in Basel to discuss a worldwide association
ScienceSome details uncertain
In 1935 zoo directors and curators gathered in Basel to talk about founding an international body. The organisation that grew from it was once known as the World Zoo Organization and descends from the Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens.
Notes
The body says zoo directors and curators met in Basel in 1935 to discuss forming a global association, and the infobox gives 1935 as the formation year, with no day or month. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Alderney Airport, the first airport in the Channel Islands, is built
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
The airport on Alderney dates from 1935 and was the earliest in the Channel Islands. Within the group, none lies nearer to France or to the south coast of England.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 as the year of construction, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The first Great Bertsolari Championship is held, won by Basarri
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Basque verse improvisers, known as bertsolaris, compete in this championship, which Euzko Gaztedi first staged in 1935 and 1936.
Notes
The body gives 1935 and 1936 for the first organisation of the contest by Euzko Gaztedi, with no day or month; the winners table lists Inazio Eizmendi "Basarri" for 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Oxford City Council buys the Kidlington site for a municipal airport
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Oxford City Council bought the land at Kidlington in 1935 to use as a municipal airport. It began operating in June 1938, and its formal inauguration came in July 1939.
Notes
The body gives 1935 for the purchase of the site, with the airport becoming operational in June 1938 and formally inaugurated in July 1939. Wikidata gives the year 1935 and calls it an opening.
Westland Aircraft Limited is formed as a separate company from Petters
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Petters hived off its aircraft side from its engine side in 1935, creating Westland Aircraft Limited at Yeovil. The firm had been building aircraft since 1915, and the Lysander later became a key liaison aircraft for the RAF.
Notes
The infobox and body give 1935 for the separation from Petters, while the lead puts it just before the Second World War; no day or month is given. The infobox also says Westland had been building aircraft since 1915. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The toy figure maker Schleich is founded in Stuttgart
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Starting in Stuttgart in 1935 as a plastic-parts supplier under Friedrich Schleich, the firm now makes hand-painted toy figures and accessories, and is headquartered in Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Notes
The body and infobox give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The eastern section of the Main Beskid Trail is completed
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
Mieczysław Orłowicz designed the trail's eastern section, finished in 1935, which reached Chornohora, then inside Poland. The whole red-marked route stretches between Ustroń in the Silesian Beskids and Wołosate in the Bieszczady Mountains, and from 1935 to 1939 it carried Józef Piłsudski's name.
Notes
The lead says the trail was created in the interwar period, with the western section finished in 1929 and the eastern section completed in 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935 for the trail as a whole.
· Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) · Europe
The Evžen Rošický Stadium opens in Prague
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
The multi-purpose stadium at Strahov, beside the much larger Great Strahov Stadium, opened in 1935. It honours Evžen Rošický, an athlete and resistance fighter put to death by the Nazis in 1942.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the opening year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Vashlovani reserve is established in eastern Georgia
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The protected area was created in 1935 in eastern Georgia, with the aim of preserving its unusual shallow forests. Its landscape mixes badland-like desert, semi-desert steppe, arid woodland and the flood plains of the Alazani. An enlargement in April 2003 created Vashlovani National Park.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 as the year of establishment, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Milan to Genoa, Kingdom of Italy (now Italy) · Europe
The Autostrada A7 between Milan and Genoa is established
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Dating from 1935 and also called the Autostrada dei Giovi, this motorway runs between Milan and Genoa across Lombardy, Piedmont and Liguria. It bears the European route numbers E25 and E62.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year of establishment, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Experimental Centre of Cinematography film school is founded in Rome
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Italy's national film school is based in Rome and has teaching centres in five other regions. Under Fascism, Luigi Freddi, who headed cinema for Mussolini, set it up with Vittorio Mussolini, and it formed part of the Cinecittà Studios.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· near Kutaisi, Soviet Union (now Georgia) · Europe
The Sataplia nature reserve is founded near Kutaisi in Georgia
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Ten kilometres or so from Kutaisi, in Imereti, Sataplia was founded in 1935 to guard a recently discovered karst cave together with the forest and archaeological sites around it.
Notes
The infobox and body give 1935 with no day or month; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Alcoholics Anonymous begins with a meeting in Ohio
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
The fellowship traces its origins to a 1935 meeting in Ohio between Bill Wilson and Bob Smith, two men introduced via a Christian revival movement, the Oxford Group. Bob Smith, called Dr. Bob, had his final drink on 10 June 1935, and a second group began forming in New York later that year.
Notes
The lead places AA's origin at a meeting in Ohio in 1935 between Bill Wilson and Bob Smith, and the infobox gives 1935 as the formation year. The history section says Dr. Bob's last drink was on 10 June 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Catoctin Mountain Park, Maryland, United States · North America
Work begins on Camp David, then called Hi-Catoctin
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Construction began in 1935 and ended in 1938, carried out by the Works Progress Administration as a retreat for government agents and their families. The site in Catoctin Mountain Park, Frederick County, Maryland, is now the U.S. president's rural hideaway.
Notes
The lead has building beginning in 1935 and ending in 1938; the infobox gives 1935 to 1938 as the building period and 1938 as the start of use. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· San Francisco, California, United States · North America
The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art is founded
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
The museum opened its doors in 1935 under the direction of Grace L. Bender. No earlier museum on the West Coast had concentrated solely on twentieth-century art, and a 1935 painting by Diego Rivera, The Flower Carrier, helped form the basis of the permanent collection.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 1935 for the founding, without a month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
In 1935 New York's Downtown Athletic Club handed out the award for the first time. The first winner was the University of Chicago halfback Jay Berwanger, and the trophy was named for John Heisman after he died in 1936.
Notes
The lead and history section give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Pack Horse Library Project begins in the Appalachians
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
A Works Progress Administration scheme running from 1935 to 1943 took books to remote parts of Appalachia, with women at its heart. At its peak there were 30 libraries serving 100,000 people, and about 200 people had jobs through it.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 to 1943 for the project, with no month or day, and the infobox places it in Kentucky. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Steinbeck's novel about Monterey, California, published by Covici-Friede, tells of a small band of errant paisano friends relishing wine and life once the First World War is over. It was his first clear critical and commercial success and was made into a film in 1942.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Our Oriental Heritage, first volume of The Story of Civilization, is published
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Will Durant's Our Oriental Heritage came out in 1935 as the first volume of The Story of Civilization, an eleven-volume history for general readers, written over four decades. It covers the Near East up to the Achaemenid Empire's fall in the 330s BC, and India, China and Japan as far as the 1930s.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 to 1975 for the whole series and the volumes section gives 1935 for the first volume, Our Oriental Heritage, with no month or day. The background section of the full article says the first six volumes were credited to Will Durant alone, with Ariel Durant thanked in the acknowledgements, and that she was credited as co-author from the seventh volume on. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The aria was composed in 1934 by George Gershwin for his opera Porgy and Bess, with words by DuBose Heyward, and it was published in 1935. The first recording was made by Abbie Mitchell on 19 July 1935, accompanied by Gershwin on piano, who also conducted.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the publication year with no month or day, and the lead says the aria was composed in 1934 for the 1935 opera. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Laura Ingalls Wilder publishes Little House on the Prairie
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Wilder's third children's book is the second about the Ingalls family and carries on straight from Little House in the Big Woods. Her series is drawn from her own life in the Midwest of the United States, from 1872 to 1894.
Notes
The body gives 1935 for the publication, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Burnham and Company, the future Drexel Burnham Lambert, is founded
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
A small New York retail brokerage, Burnham and Company, was started in 1935 by I. W. "Tubby" Burnham, who had graduated from Wharton in 1931. It later joined forces with Drexel Firestone, a Philadelphia firm whose history went back to 1838.
Notes
The body and infobox give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; the infobox adds that the firm's heritage dates to 1838. The early history section of the full article names the partner as Drexel Firestone of Philadelphia, which traced its history to 1838. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Division of Investigation is renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
In 1935 the Division of Investigation, the name the Bureau of Investigation (set up in 1908) had carried since 1933, was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation and became a separate service inside the Department of Justice. J. Edgar Hoover, in charge since 1924, remained director until his death in 1972.
Notes
The Director article gives 1935 for the renaming and for the start of the director's title. A table there shows 30 June 1935 as the end of Hoover's term as Bureau of Investigation chief and as the start of his term as FBI director, while Wikidata gives 1 July 1935. The sources differ by a day across a month boundary, so only the year is stored. The main FBI article says the Bureau of Investigation was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition in 1933 and renamed the Division of Investigation, which became the FBI in 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
The Hayden Planetarium opens in New York
ScienceSome details uncertain
The planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History first opened in 1935, in a building designed by Trowbridge and Livingston. Its original projector was dedicated that year, and the planetarium now occupies the Rose Center for Earth and Space.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 1935 for the opening, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Springdale, Arkansas, United States · North America
John W. Tyson founds Tyson Foods
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
John W. Tyson started the company in 1935 and led it as chief executive until his death in 1967. Headquartered in Springdale, Arkansas, the company handles chicken, beef and pork and owns brands including Jimmy Dean and Hillshire Farm.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 1935 for the founding. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The United States Supreme Court Building is completed
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Construction ran from 1932 to 1935 under Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, to a neoclassical design by Cass Gilbert, whose son Cass Gilbert Jr. completed the work after his father's death in 1934. Until then the justices had worked since 1860 in the cramped Old Senate Chamber of the Capitol.
Notes
The lead and infobox give construction from 1932 to completion in 1935, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
In 1935 Phoenix bought the airport from the Acme Investment Company, which had acquired it from Scenic Airways after that firm ran short of money following the 1929 crash. It has since become Arizona's busiest airport.
Notes
The history section dates the city's purchase of the airport to 1935; the infobox gives 1928 as the opening year. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Southern California, United States · North America
Hansen's, later Monster Beverage, is founded in Southern California
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Hansen's was founded in 1935 in Southern California, where Hubert Hansen and his three sons sold juice to film studios and retailers.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935. The three sons and the January 2012 shareholder vote come from the history section of the full article.
· Edendale, Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
Keystone Studios goes bankrupt and closes
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Keystone Studios, begun by Mack Sennett at Edendale in California on 4 July 1912, went bankrupt and shut in 1935. The New York Motion Picture Company's Adam Kessel and Charles O. Baumann had put money behind it, and Mutual Film Corporation distributed its films from 1912 to 1915.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 1935 for the studio's closure. Wikidata gives 31 December 1935, a day not found in the article, so only the year is stored.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Wanda Hale founds the New York Film Critics Circle
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Wanda Hale of the New York Daily News founded the critics' group in 1935. Its members meet each December to vote on its annual awards, the oldest film-critics' prizes in the United States.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Charlotte, North Carolina, United States · North America
Charlotte Municipal Airport is established
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Charlotte's first municipal airport was established in 1935 with Works Progress Administration funding. It had a terminal, a hangar, a beacon tower and three runways, and the airport was later named after Ben Elbert Douglas.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 for the airport's establishment, but the history section says Charlotte Municipal Airport opened in 1936 (with airline service from 1937); the 1935 against 1936 conflict is unresolved, so only the year of establishment is stored, at low confidence. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Mojave, California, United States · North America
Kern County opens Mojave Airport, now the Mojave Air and Space Port
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
To serve local gold and silver mines, Kern County opened this airport in 1935. Today it is open to the public and used for flight testing, aircraft maintenance and storage, and space industry work.
Notes
The body gives 1935 for the opening, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Montecristo was launched in 1935 as a brand of cigar. Habanos S.A. produces the Cuban cigar while Altadis produces another version in the Dominican Republic.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year the brand was introduced. The body gives July 1935 for Alonso Menéndez buying the Particulares factory and July 1936 for his new firm. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Hollywood, California, United States · North America
David O. Selznick founds Selznick International Pictures
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
In 1935 David O. Selznick founded an independent studio in Hollywood that lasted until 1943. Gone with the Wind and Rebecca, both Best Picture winners, came from the studio.
Notes
The lead and body give 1935, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Columbia University Press brought out the encyclopedia in a single volume in 1935. It was heavily revised in 1950 and 1963, and the sixth edition of 2000 is the current one, with over 51,000 entries and some 6.5 million words.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences is founded at New York University
ScienceSome details uncertain
Created in 1935 within New York University, the institute is named for Richard Courant, one of its founders. He left Göttingen in 1934 for a visiting professorship at NYU and was a mathematics professor there from 1936 to 1972.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Outlaws Motorcycle Club is founded in McCook, Illinois
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
Workers from the Electro-Motive Company began the McCook Outlaws at a bar, Matilda's, on Route 66.
Notes
The lead, body and infobox give 1935 with no day or month; Wikidata gives only the year 1935. Many law-enforcement agencies call the club an organized crime group.
American transit firms begin ordering the PCC streetcar
TechnologySome details uncertain
Eight companies placed orders for the PCC streetcar in 1935 and 1936, and the first car reached Brooklyn on 28 May 1936. About 5,000 were produced in America, and output continued until 1952.
Notes
The infobox gives US construction as 1935 to 1952 and service from 1936. The history section has eight companies ordering cars in 1935 and 1936, with the first car delivered to Brooklyn on 28 May 1936. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· New York City, New York, United States · North America
Arrow Electronics begins as the Arrow Radio shop in New York
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Arrow began in 1935 as a retail store, Arrow Radio, on Cortlandt Street in lower Manhattan, a street within Radio Row, an area called the cradle of electronics distribution.
Notes
The infobox and body give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935. The founder's name and what the shop sold come from the history section of the full article.
· Indianapolis, Indiana, United States · North America
Stutz winds down car production in Indianapolis
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Stutz, founded in 1911 in Indianapolis, built high-end sports and luxury cars. Car production came to an end around 1935, and the pressures of the Great Depression left the company defunct by 1938.
Notes
The English body says car production ended in 1935 and the French article says production ran from 1911 to 1935, but the German article says cars were still offered until 1936, with only six built that year. The English body also says automobile production stopped in 1933 when the delivery van went into production, and the English lead says the company was defunct in 1938. The two production totals given in the English lead and body differ, so no total is used. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Clark County, Nevada, United States · North America
Valley of Fire is officially designated a Nevada state park
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Nevada's oldest state park, Valley of Fire, lies in the Mojave Desert, close to Overton. It opened as a park in 1934, and the state legislature gave it official designation the next year.
Notes
The body says the park opened in 1934 and was officially designated by the state legislature in 1935, with no day or month; the infobox gives 1935 as established. Wikidata gives only the year 1935. The Civilian Conservation Corps work in the interest line comes from the history section of the full article.
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
Kum Kleen Products, later part of Avery Dennison, is founded in Los Angeles
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Kum Kleen Products started out in Los Angeles in 1935 and later became part of Avery Dennison, which specialises in self-adhesive labels and similar materials with adhesive backing.
Notes
The infobox and body give 1935 with no day or month; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
· St. Louis, Missouri, United States · North America
The St. Louis Eagles, the former Ottawa Senators, end after one season
SportSome details uncertain
The St. Louis Eagles lasted just one NHL season, 1934-35. They were the old Ottawa Senators, a founding NHL member in 1917.
Notes
The article dates the end to after the 1934-35 season, when the league bought back the franchise, with no day or month; Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Chile creates Rapa Nui National Park on Easter Island
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The Chilean government established the park in 1935 on Easter Island, known in Polynesian as Rapa Nui, which Chile had taken over in 1888. UNESCO named it a World Heritage Site in March 1996, and in December 2017 President Michelle Bachelet returned the park lands to the indigenous people.
Notes
The infobox, history section and conservation section give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives 16 January 1935, so only the year is stored.
Joseph Robinson Lindley, an immigrant from Britain, invented the soft drink in 1935 and launched it that year, four centuries after the founding of Lima. Its flavour comes from lemon verbena, and the Coca-Cola Company holds the trademark outside Peru.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Jorge Luis Borges's collection came out in 1935 and was revised by him in 1954. Most stories had appeared separately in the newspaper Crítica in 1933 and 1934, and they retell the lives of real criminals, changing many dates and names.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1935 as the year of first publication, by Editorial Tor, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Carlos Gardel composed this tango, and Alfredo Le Pera wrote the lyrics, for the 1935 film Tango Bar. Its title, a Spanish racing phrase, means "by a head", a horse's narrow margin of victory or defeat, and the words are an obsessive racetrack gambler's, who compares betting with the pull of women.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year of writing and the lead ties the song to the 1935 film Tango Bar; no day or month is given. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Kikuchi Kan creates the Naoki Prize for popular literature
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
In 1935 Kikuchi Kan, editor of the magazine Bungeishunjū, set up a prize named for the late novelist Naoki Sanjugo. It rewards a rising author's finest work of popular fiction and stands beside the Akutagawa Prize, which is aimed at literary fiction.
Notes
The lead says Kikuchi Kan created the prize in 1935; the winners list starts with the first prizes in 1935. Wikidata gives only the year 1935.
Kawabata's novel first appeared in instalments between 1935 and 1937, in segments published under various titles because he constantly rewrote and extended his works. It came out as a book in 1948 and in English in 1956.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 to 1937 for the serialisation and 1948 for book publication. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
In 1935 Kan Kikuchi, who edited the magazine Bungeishunjū, set up a prize in memory of the author Ryūnosuke Akutagawa. Awarded twice a year, it recognises a new writer's outstanding literary story in print.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Production of the probiotic drink Yakult begins in Japan
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
Production of the sweetened probiotic milk drink Yakult, fermented with Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota, started in Japan in 1935. Its inventor, Minoru Shirota, helped found Yakult Honsha, now based in Tokyo, to sell it, and the name derives from jahurto, the Esperanto word for yogurt.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year Yakult was introduced and the marketing history says production began in 1935. The same section says it was invented in 1935 and also that production began five years after that, which is not consistent, so only 1935 for the start of production is used. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Sven Hedin's Sino-Swedish Expedition comes to an end
ExplorationSome details uncertain
Sven Hedin led the scientific expedition through north and northwest China from 1927 until 1935. Its first phase, from 1927 to 1932, set off from Beijing and crossed the Gobi Desert, and Chiang Kai-shek was among its patrons.
Notes
The lead gives the expedition's span as 1927 to 1935 without a month or day for its end; Wikidata gives only the year 1935 as the end. The 1927 to 1932 first phase, its route from Beijing across the Gobi Desert, and Chiang Kai-shek's patronage all come from the 'About the Expedition' section of the English article.
Eric Shipton leads a British reconnaissance expedition to Mount Everest
ExplorationSome details uncertain
Tibet's unexpected permission for Everest expeditions led to a quick reconnaissance planned ahead of the 1936 summit attempt, with Eric Shipton, newly successful on a trek in the Nanda Devi region, as leader.
Notes
The article dates the expedition to 1935: the team met at Darjeeling on 21 May 1935 and a party reached a high point on 9 August 1935. Neither is a start or end date, so only the year is stored. Wikidata gives May 1935 to August 1935 (month precision only), which fits around those two dates.
Eiji Yoshikawa's Musashi begins serialisation in the Asahi Shimbun
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Eiji Yoshikawa's epic novel dramatises the story of the legendary swordsman Miyamoto Musashi. It was serialised in the Asahi Shimbun, its first appearance, from 1935 to 1939.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 to 1939 for the newspaper serial and the infobox gives 1935 as the publication year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
In 1935 the demographer Hu Huanyong conceived an imaginary diagonal line linking Heihe, in Heilongjiang, with Tengchong, in Yunnan. It splits China into two halves that differ greatly in population density and climate.
Notes
The history section dates the line's proposal to 1935 without a month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
An Osaka street vendor is credited with inventing takoyaki
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
Takoyaki, a ball-shaped snack of batter cooked in a moulded pan, is said to have been invented in 1935 by a street vendor in Osaka. Cooks fill it with chopped octopus and top it with sauce, mayonnaise, seaweed flakes and bonito shavings.
Notes
The history section credits a street vendor in Osaka with inventing takoyaki in 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Alma-Ata, Soviet Union (now Almaty, Kazakhstan) · Asia
An airport is built at Alma-Ata
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
In 1935 an airport for small civil and military aircraft was constructed at Alma-Ata. As Almaty International Airport it is now the busiest airport in Kazakhstan and a main base for Air Astana.
Notes
The history section gives 1935 for the airport's construction, for small civil and military aircraft. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Tokyo Gas Football Club, forerunner of FC Tokyo, is founded
SportSome details uncertain
In 1935 a company side called Tokyo Gas Football Club was born, and in 1999 it was renamed FC Tokyo. It is a professional club in the capital that plays in J1, the top division of Japanese football.
Notes
The infobox and the history section give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Toshiba Horikawa-cho Soccer Club, root of Consadole Sapporo, is founded
SportSome details uncertain
The club that is now Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo traces its roots to the Toshiba Horikawa-cho Soccer Club, founded in 1935 in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. Based in Sapporo, it plays mainly at the indoor Sapporo Dome.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Charkhlik (Ruoqiang), Xinjiang, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
A Uighur revolt at Charkhlik is crushed
War & conflictSome details uncertain
In 1935 Uighurs at Charkhlik rose against Tunganistan, a Chinese Muslim-dominated territory administered by the New 36th Division. Chinese Muslim troops defeated the revolt quickly and brutally, executing over 100 Uighurs and taking the leader's family hostage.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The stadium, built between 1933 and 1935, officially opened in 1935 in Soviet times as Dinamo Stadium. It is now named for Vazgen Sargsyan, is also called the Republican Stadium, and is used mostly for football and as the home of the Armenian national team.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give 1935 for the opening, with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Bombay, British India (now Mumbai, India) · Asia
Khwaja Abdul Hamied founds the pharmaceutical company Cipla
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Khwaja Abdul Hamied started the company in 1935 under the name Chemical, Industrial and Pharmaceutical Laboratories, which it kept until 1984. Cipla became an Indian multinational pharmaceutical firm with its headquarters in Mumbai.
Notes
The infobox and body give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The Dutch colonial government built the airfield in 1935 as Kadieng Airfield, and its opening date is given as 27 September 1937. Today it is Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, named for Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa.
Notes
The body gives 1935 for the first construction, with no day or month, while the infobox gives 27 September 1937 as the opening date. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Production of China's Chiang Kai-shek rifle (Type 24) begins
TechnologySome details uncertain
Copying the German Standardmodell Mauser, from which the Karabiner 98k also descended, China began preproduction of this rifle in 1935, the 24th year of the Republican era, which gave it the name Type 24.
Notes
The lead gives 1935 for the start of preproduction and late 1935 for full-scale production, with no day. It explains the name Type 24 as year 24 of the Republican calendar, which is 1935. The infobox gives design in 1934 and production from 1935 to 1949. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Chahar Province, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Japan and China sign the Qin-Doihara Agreement over Chahar Province
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The agreement was made by Kenji Doihara, a Kwantung Army negotiator, and Qin Dechun, a general in the Kuomintang's 29th Army, and it settled the North Chahar Incident. Chinese units of the 29th Army withdrew from the districts north of Zhangbei, and Kuomintang activities and anti-Japanese acts were banned in Chahar Province.
Notes
The lead gives 27 June 1935 as the date of the North Chahar Incident that the agreement resolved, not as the agreement's own date. Wikidata gives 27 June 1935. The article on the December 9th Movement says the agreement was negotiated between June and July 1935, so only the year is stored.
Amrita Sher-Gil completes the painting Hill Women at Simla
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
The Hungarian-Indian artist Amrita Sher-Gil painted it in oils at Simla in the winter of 1935, shortly after Hill Men. Four figures appear, a girl and three young women, in a scene prompted by the poverty near her Simla home.
Notes
The lead and body say the painting was finished in the winter of 1935 at Simla, after Hill Men, and the infobox gives 1935 as its year. No exact day is given; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
In 1935 the woman who ran a tonkatsu restaurant in Ueno, Tokyo, came up with the katsu sandwich, in which a breaded cutlet (usually tonkatsu) sits between two slices of bread. It is now on sale both as a snack and in bento boxes at spots like Tokyo Station.
Notes
The history section and infobox give 1935; a photo caption names the restaurant as Isen. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Saudi Arabia issues its first coins in its own name
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
In 1935 the first coins were struck in the name of Saudi Arabia. In the same year the riyal was adjusted to a coin with the same silver content as the Indian rupee.
Notes
Wikidata gives 1935 as the start of the Saudi riyal. The history and coins sections date two things to that year: the first coins struck in the name of Saudi Arabia, and the lowering of the riyal's silver content to match the Indian rupee. The Hejaz link comes from the history section.
Rebellion at the Goharshad Mosque in the Imam Reza Shrine, Mashhad
War & conflictSome details uncertain
In 1935 a rebellion against Reza Shah's westernising and secularist policies began at the Imam Reza Shrine in Mashhad, after the Shah banned traditional Islamic clothing and told men to wear European-style bowler hats. The outcome is described as a massacre of besieged civilians.
Notes
The lead says the rebellion took place in August 1935 and Wikidata gives August 1935, while the infobox gives 12 July 1935. Because the months differ, only the year is stored. Dates are given in the Gregorian calendar.
· Mid-Euphrates region, Kingdom of Iraq (now Iraq) · Middle East
Shia tribes revolt along the middle Euphrates in Iraq
War & conflictSome details uncertain
A string of revolts by Shia tribes along the middle Euphrates challenged the Sunni-dominated government of Iraq. Unrest began in January 1935, with a Diwaniyya uprising in March and a Rumaytha revolt in May, and the government put the rebellions down with military force under General Bakr Sidqi.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 to 1936. The history section describes unrest from January 1935, a Diwaniyya uprising in March 1935 and a Rumaytha uprising in May 1935, and the lead says the tribes rose again in 1936. Wikidata gives 1935 as the start and 1936 as the end. No single day is given for the whole series.
The present buildings of the tomb of the Persian poet Hafez, on the northern edge of Shiraz, date from 1935, when the Ministry of Education had a new building raised where earlier ones stood. The French archaeologist and architect André Godard designed them, and the best known of the earlier structures dated from 1773.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give 1935 with no month or day; the infobox gives 1452 for the first building. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The club was founded in 1935 within the Tel Aviv branch of Hapoel, a sports cooperative. With five national titles, it is outdone by only one other Israeli basketball team.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Shami, Khuzestan, Pahlavi Iran (now Iran) · Middle East
Peasants find the Parthian bronze statue at Shami
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Local peasants digging building foundations in the village of Shami uncovered the bronze statue in 1935. It shows a Parthian prince or nobleman, is almost completely preserved and is kept at the National Museum of Iran, and its date lies between 50 BC and AD 150.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935. The lead says some scholars think it was made in Palmyra and others think it was made in Susa.
On the European side of Istanbul, in the Şişli district, Zincirlikuyu is a modern cemetery, planned in 1935 and reaching its present boundaries only in the 1950s.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 as the year of establishment and the lead says the burial place was planned in 1935 and reached its present boundaries in the 1950s. No day or month is given; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Cuvette-Ouest, Middle Congo (now Republic of the Congo) · Africa
Odzala-Kokoua area in the Congo receives its first protection
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The area in the north-west of the Republic of the Congo was given protection in 1935 and became a biosphere reserve in 1977. It holds one of the most varied primate populations on the continent and is managed by African Parks together with the national ministry.
Notes
The lead says the park was first protected in 1935, became a biosphere reserve in 1977 and got official designation by presidential decree in 2001; the infobox gives 1935 as the establishment year. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
In eastern Sudan, the park was created in 1935, after the London Convention of 1933. It gained biosphere reserve status in 1979, and it borders Ethiopia's Alitash National Park.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 1935 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the year 1935. The history section links the park to the London Convention of 1933.
· Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo) · Africa
Honoré Essabe founds the club that became AS Vita Club
SportSome details uncertain
The club was started by Honoré Essabe in 1935 under the name Renaissance, at 73 rue Usoke in Kinshasa. It is now AS Vita Club, a professional side based in Kinshasa.
Notes
The English history section gives 1935 with no month or day, and French and German Wikipedia also give just the year. The infobox and Wikidata give 1 January 1935, which looks like a placeholder for an unknown day, so only the year is stored.
· Bissau, Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) · Africa
A first church is built on the site of Bissau Cathedral
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
A church in a medieval style was put up in 1935 on the spot where Bissau's cathedral now stands. The present building, dedicated to Our Lady of Candelaria, was started in 1945 and completed in 1950.
Notes
The history section dates the original church to 1935 and gives construction of the current cathedral as 1945 to 1950. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Reg Ansett set up the firm in 1935, and its first route, Hamilton to Melbourne, started on 17 February 1936 with a Fokker Universal monoplane. The airline group went bust in September 2001, and its final flight was on 5 March 2002.
Notes
The body gives 1935 as the founding year of the company and 17 February 1936 for its first flights. The lead's statement of 65 years of operation up to 2001 points to 1936 as the start of operations. Wikidata gives the year 1935, and its description gives 1936 to 2002.
Local Fijians formed Ba as a street football side in 1935. It plays at Govind Park in Ba and competes in Fiji's top division, the Fiji Premier League, where no other club has won as many trophies.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 1935 as the founding year, with no day or month; Wikidata gives the year 1935.
· Nullarbor Plain, South Australia, Australia · Oceania
Captain J. M. Thompson's party explores Koonalda Cave
ExplorationSome details uncertain
In 1935 an expedition under Captain J. M. Thompson explored Koonalda Cave on the Nullarbor Plain in South Australia, descending by ladder and walking down long tunnels. Aboriginal people had used the cave long before, and geometric patterns on its walls are their artwork.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 for the cave's discovery and the lead has Captain J. M. Thompson's party exploring it in 1935; archaeologists rediscovered it in 1956. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
The airport at Frankton, which serves the resort town of Queenstown, was first licensed to operate in 1935. Commercial flights, especially sightseeing trips to Milford Sound, only became commonplace in the 1950s.
Notes
The body gives 1935 for the first licence, with no day or month. Wikidata gives August 1935. Regular commercial flights came only in the 1950s.
· Robert Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica · The poles
British parties map the area around Robert Point on Robert Island
ExplorationSome details uncertain
On the south-east shore of Robert Island, in the South Shetlands, a rocky headland called Robert Point juts into Bransfield Strait and marks the eastern side of Devesil Bight's mouth. The area was mapped by British parties in 1935 and 1968, and by Bulgarians in 2009.
Notes
Wikidata gives the year 1935. The article does not describe a discovery in 1935; its lead says the point was probably known to 19th-century sealers, and 1935 appears only in the location section as a year of British mapping. The date is therefore uncertain and confidence is low.
Schrödinger devises the thought experiment of the cat in the box
ScienceSome details uncertain
In 1935, in a conversation with Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger conceived a cat sealed in a box whose fate hangs on a chance subatomic event, so that it is imagined alive and dead at once until someone looks. He meant it as a response to a paper published that year by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen.
Notes
The lead dates the thought experiment to 1935 and says it came out of a discussion with Albert Einstein; no place is given, so the region is set to Global. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen publish their paper on the EPR paradox
ScienceSome details uncertain
A 1935 paper by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen argued that quantum mechanics gives an incomplete picture of physical reality. Its authors held that "elements of reality" lie outside the theory, so a hidden-variable theory should be possible.
Notes
The lead dates the paper to 1935 and a New York Times headline about it appears in the issue of 4 May 1935; the paradox section says the term comes from a paper drafted in 1934, once Einstein had joined the Institute for Advanced Study. No place is given, so the region is set to Global. Wikidata gives the year 1935.
John Ridley Stroop publishes his study of the Stroop effect
ScienceSome details uncertain
A 1935 paper by John Ridley Stroop, printed in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, described three experiments on reaction interference. When a word names one colour but is printed in another, people take longer to say the ink colour and slip up more often.
Notes
The lead says the effect was first published in English in 1935, and that Jaensch had published it in Germany in 1929. The article names Stroop's 1935 paper in the Journal of Experimental Psychology; no place is given, so the region is set to Global.
The 30th edition of the competition saw entries to the Europe Zone fall sharply because of growing political tension on the continent, so the organisers dropped the qualifying-round system. Estonia was a first-time entrant.
Notes
The lead identifies the 1935 competition as the 30th edition and dates the challenge round (the final) at Wimbledon to 27-30 July 1935; the infobox gives the whole competition as 20 July 1934 to 30 July 1935. Wikidata gives the year 1935 with a start of 20 July and an end of 30 July 1935; 30 July matches the article, but the article puts 20 July in 1934 (the start of the competition), not 1935. The competition covered Europe and the Americas, so the region is set to Global.
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