Our records for 1936 hold 470 events from 9 regions; the best-ranked is “Spanish Civil War begins after a military coup”.
This page lists all 470 events in our records for 1936: 329 dated to the day, 95 from outside Europe and North America. The biggest come first, then every event month by month, grouped by region.
How sure we are: events with no label are high confidence. A grey label such as Exact day uncertain says why one detail is less certain; a yellow label such as Sources differ on the date marks a low-confidence event where the sources disagree or are thin. The notes say where. Dates are in the Gregorian calendar; where a country still used another calendar, the notes give the original. How events are checked
The biggest stories of 1936
Ranked by how widely known each event is today, one card per happening, at least a third from outside Europe and North America.
War & conflictWidely known
Spanish Civil War begins after a military coup
· Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Some details uncertain.
A group of generals tried to overthrow Spain's Popular Front government in July 1936, but the coup only partly succeeded. Most major cities stayed out of rebel hands, and the country split into two armed camps.
Why it is interesting. Foreign powers took sides: Nazi Germany sent its Condor Legion to help the Nationalists, while Britain, France and the United States officially held to non-intervention.
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives 17 July 1936 as the start and Wikidata gives 18 July 1936; the rising began in Spanish Morocco on 17 July and spread to mainland Spain over the following days, so the month is stored.
The Games of the XI Olympiad ran in Berlin from 1 to 16 August 1936. The Nazi government used them for propaganda, and the American Jesse Owens won four gold medals.
Why it is interesting. The relay that carries a flame from Olympia to the host city began with Berlin and stayed on as an Olympic tradition.
From 1936 the Soviet state under Stalin ran a campaign of political repression, with the secret police removing party leaders, Old Bolsheviks and officials. Victims were shot or sent to labour camps.
Why it is interesting. The first of the Moscow show trials was held in the year the purge got under way.
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives a main phase from 9 March 1936; the lead says 1936 to 1939 and puts the peak between September 1936 and August 1938. Wikidata gives August 1936. The sources differ on the start, so only the year is stored.
· Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Nazi Germany (now Germany) · Europe
The fourth Winter Games opened on 6 February 1936 in the German resort town and closed on 16 February. Germany's propaganda effort was already at work five months before Berlin hosted the Summer Games.
Why it is interesting. Germany held both the Winter and Summer Games in 1936, the last time a single country has done so in one year.
On 25 November 1936 Joachim von Ribbentrop and the Japanese ambassador Kintomo Mushanokoji signed in Berlin a pact directed against the Communist International. Italy joined in 1937.
Why it is interesting. A secret protocol turned the pact against the Soviet Union, and Japan hoped it would grow into an alliance.
Notes and dating details
The infobox lists 23 October 1936 as the drafting date and 25 November 1936 as the signing date.
Chiang Kai-shek is taken prisoner in the Xi'an Incident
· Xi'an, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
In December 1936 Chiang Kai-shek was held captive in Xi'an by two of his own generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who demanded an end to the civil war and a joint stand with the Communists against Japan. The crisis lasted until 26 December.
Why it is interesting. It ended with the Second United Front between Nationalists and Communists, after Soong Mei-ling and T. V. Soong flew to Xi'an and steered matters toward talks instead of an assault.
On 3 November 1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt and John Nance Garner defeated the Republicans Alf Landon and Frank Knox, carrying every state except Maine and Vermont. Roosevelt took 523 of the 531 electoral votes.
Why it is interesting. The only two states Roosevelt lost, Maine and Vermont, held just eight electoral votes between them.
Montreux Convention on the Turkish Straits is signed
· Montreux, Switzerland · Europe
Some details uncertain.
Delegates signed the convention at the Montreux Palace in Switzerland on 20 July 1936. It sets the rules for ships passing the Bosporus and Dardanelles, with civilian vessels free to pass in peacetime and warships limited.
Why it is interesting. Most of its terms are still followed, and it has never been changed since it was adopted.
Notes and dating details
The lead and infobox give 20 July 1936 for signing; Wikidata also holds 21 July 1936 as an inception date. The convention took effect on 9 November 1936.
King Edward VIII signed his abdication papers at Fort Belvedere on 10 December 1936, with his three brothers as witnesses, after the British and Dominion governments objected to his plan to marry Wallis Simpson. His brother Albert became King George VI.
Why it is interesting. Edward wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, an American still divorcing her second husband; he became Duke of Windsor and married her the next year.
Notes and dating details
The lead places the abdication in December 1936; a later section and the infobox caption give 10 December 1936 for the signing. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
Palestinian Arabs rose against British rule in April 1936, seeking independence and an end to British backing for Zionism, including Jewish immigration. An Arab general strike lasted until October.
Why it is interesting. The resistance began spontaneously and took an organised form only when the Arab Higher Committee stepped in.
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives 19 April 1936 to 26 August 1939. Wikidata gives April 1936 for the start, with 19 April 1936 as an alternative start date.
February 26 Incident: army officers attempt a coup in Tokyo
· Tokyo, Empire of Japan (now Japan) · Asia
On 26 February 1936 young Imperial Army officers occupied the government centre of Tokyo and killed senior officials, two former prime ministers among them. They failed to kill Prime Minister Okada Keisuke or to seize the Imperial Palace.
Why it is interesting. After the uprising was put down, 19 of its leaders were executed following closed trials, and the army gained more power over the civilian government.
Notes and dating details
The infobox gives 26 to 29 February 1936. Wikidata places the event in Yugawara, but the infobox gives Tokyo.
Lu Xun, the pen name of Zhou Shuren, a leading figure of modern Chinese literature, died in Shanghai on 19 October 1936. He wrote novels, essays, criticism, poems and translations in a sharp, satirical style.
Why it is interesting. His 1918 short story Diary of a Madman, the work for which he first used the pen name Lu Xun, helped launch the New Culture Movement.
Notes and dating details
The lead calls Diary of a Madman the first novel in vernacular Chinese, but the body calls it a short story, so that claim is left out.
In January 1936 a coalition of left-wing and republican groups, called the Popular Front, came together under Manuel Azaña to contest the year's general election. It included the Socialists, the Communists and the Republican Left and Union parties.
Notes
The infobox and lead give January 1936 with no day.
In January 1936 a purpose-built museum for the two Nemi ships was inaugurated. They were built on Lake Nemi during the reign of the Emperor Caligula in the 1st century AD.
Notes
The recovery section gives only the month, January 1936, for the inauguration. The Wikidata description says the ships were found in the lake in 1929.
· Santiago de Compostela, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Ramón del Valle-Inclán dies
Lives
The Spanish dramatist and novelist Ramón del Valle-Inclán, born in Vilanova de Arousa, Galicia, in 1866, died in Santiago de Compostela on 5 January 1936. He belonged to the Generation of 98.
The Patriotic Union party of Liechtenstein was founded on 5 January 1936 when the Christian-Social People's Party merged with a minor party.
Notes
Only the infobox gives the day, 5 January 1936. The history section says the party came from a merger in 1936 without a day. Wikidata gives only the year.
Agatha Christie's The A.B.C. Murders is first published
Art & literature
Agatha Christie's novel The A.B.C. Murders first appeared on 6 January 1936, from the Collins Crime Club of London. Poirot, his friend Hastings and Inspector Japp hunt a killer who signs as A.B.C.
Rudyard Kipling, born in British India, died in London on 18 January 1936. The English journalist, novelist and poet wrote the Jungle Book stories, Kim and the Just So Stories, and lies in Poets' Corner at Westminster Abbey.
The 32nd Home Nations Championship in rugby union was played over six matches between 18 January and 21 March 1936 by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 18 January to 21 March 1936. The articles read here do not name a single host place, so no place is given.
Hergé, the creator of Tintin, began serialising Jo, Zette and Jocko, a series about a brother and sister and their pet chimpanzee. The first adventure, The Secret Ray, appeared in the French Catholic newspaper Cœurs Vaillants from 19 January 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives a publication span from 19 January 1936 to 1957; the history section gives 19 January 1936 for the start of the first adventure.
George V, who had reigned over Britain and its Dominions since 6 May 1910 and held the title Emperor of India, died at Sandringham House in Norfolk on 20 January 1936. He was buried on 28 January.
Greeks voted in a parliamentary election on 26 January 1936. Themistoklis Sofoulis's Liberal Party took 126 of the 300 seats, becoming the largest party in Parliament.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 26 January 1936. The infobox lists the 1935 result for the leading party as boycotted.
Voters in the Faroe Islands went to the polls on 28 January 1936. The Union Party tied with the Self-Government Party as the biggest group in the Løgting, each winning 8 of the 24 seats.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 28 January 1936. Wikidata lists Denmark and the Faroe Islands as places; the articles name the Faroe Islands.
On 29 January 1936 the German parachute arm of the Luftwaffe was formally launched, and a published order sought recruits, who trained at the Stendal school west of Berlin. Kurt Student commanded the Fallschirmjäger.
Notes
The infobox gives 29 January 1936 as the start and 2 May 1945 as the end. The history section confirms 29 January 1936 as the official inauguration and says the first parachute units were set up in January 1936, before the school opened.
Former Greek Prime Minister Georgios Kondylis dies
LivesSome details uncertain
The Greek general and politician Georgios Kondylis, nicknamed Keravnos, meaning thunderbolt, died of a heart attack in Athens on 31 January 1936. He had served as prime minister.
Notes
The English lead, infobox and political career section give 1 February 1936. The Greek edition gives 31 January 1936 at 12:30 midday, and the German edition and Wikidata also give 31 January, so that day is stored at medium confidence.
New York Film Critics Circle announces its first awards
Stage, music & film
The New York Film Critics Circle named the winners of its first awards, for the best films of 1935, on 2 January 1936. The Informer was chosen as best picture.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 2 January 1936 for the announcement, and the Spanish and French editions agree. The English lead says the awards were presented on 1 March 1936 in a televised ceremony at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, while the Spanish edition and Wikidata give 2 March 1936, so the presentation day and the television detail are not used.
The American actor, screenwriter and director John Gilbert, born John Cecil Pringle, died of a second heart attack at his Bel Air home on 9 January 1936. The first, in December 1935, had left him frail.
Notes
The lead and infobox give his birth as 10 July 1897; the Wikidata description says 1899. The death date of 9 January 1936 agrees across sources.
· Sing Sing Prison, New York, United States · North America
Albert Fish is executed at Sing Sing
Lives
Albert Fish, an American serial killer, was put to death in the electric chair at Sing Sing on 16 January 1936, aged 65. He had been apprehended on 13 December 1934.
MGM's musical Rose Marie came out on 28 January 1936. W. S. Van Dyke was the director, and the leads were Jeanette MacDonald, Nelson Eddy and Reginald Owen.
Notes
The infobox gives 28 January 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives only the year.
Nagoya Club, later the Chunichi Dragons, is founded
Sport
The team that became the Chunichi Dragons began on 15 January 1936 as the Nagoya Club. It played in the Japanese Baseball League from 1936 to 1949 and in the Central League from 1950.
Notes
The infobox gives 15 January 1936, the franchise history section gives 1936, and Wikidata gives 15 January 1936. The infobox location is the team's present home in Higashi-ku, Nagoya.
Reza Shah issued a decree on 8 January 1936 banning all Islamic veils, including the hijab and chador, and the authorities enforced it swiftly and forcefully. Many types of traditional male clothing were banned as well.
Notes
The lead gives the date as 8 January 1936. The source states the date in Gregorian form and does not give an Iranian-calendar date.
· Genale Doria river valley, Ethiopian Empire (now Ethiopia) · Africa
The Battle of Genale Doria begins in southern Ethiopia
War & conflict
The Battle of Genale Doria lasted from 12 to 20 January 1936 on the southern front. Italian air attacks made up most of the fighting under General Rodolfo Graziani, and the Italians won.
Notes
The infobox gives 12 to 20 January 1936 and an Italian victory; the lead says only that the battle took place in 1936.
· Ouagadougou, French West Africa (now Burkina Faso) · Africa
Ouagadougou Cathedral is dedicated
Religion & philosophy
Ouagadougou Cathedral was dedicated on 19 January 1936, after two years of construction. Joanny Thévenoud, a White Fathers apostolic vicar, had it built.
Notes
The lead gives 19 January 1936 for the dedication. Wikidata gives only the year.
· Tembien Province, Ethiopian Empire (now Ethiopia) · Africa
First Battle of Tembien in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
War & conflict
Italian forces under Marshal Pietro Badoglio fought Ethiopian forces under Ras Kassa Haile Darge on the northern front of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, from 20 to 24 January 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives 20 to 24 January 1936 and an inconclusive result.
The 29th Australian Championships, now the Australian Open, were played on outdoor grass at Memorial Drive in Adelaide from 18 to 27 January 1936, with Adrian Quist and Joan Hartigan winning the singles titles.
Notes
The start day differs between sources. The lead and the German edition give 18 to 27 January 1936, and the lead adds that Tuesday 21 January was a rest day after the death of King George V, while the infobox says 20 to 27 January. Wikidata gives only the year 1936. The lead's start day is used, with medium confidence.
John Maynard Keynes's book on employment, interest and money, known as the General Theory, appeared in February 1936. It moved macroeconomics to the centre of economic thinking, a change known as the Keynesian Revolution.
Notes
The lead gives February 1936 as the publication date; the infobox lists the year 1936. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
The Falange anthem Cara al Sol is first performed in Madrid
Politics & diplomacy
Cara al Sol (Facing the Sun) was first sung at a rally at Madrid's Cine Europa on 2 February 1936. Its words, written in December 1935, are usually credited to the Falange leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera.
Notes
The article gives 2 February 1936 for the first performance at a rally at the Cine Europa in Madrid, and the Spanish edition agrees. The lead puts the writing of the lyrics in December 1935 and a committee meeting on 2 December 1935, while the Spanish edition gives 3 December for that meeting. The infobox gives 1936 for the lyrics and the adoption.
Roding Valley station opens on London's Central line
Architecture
The London and North Eastern Railway opened Roding Valley station on 3 February 1936. The Central line's Hainault loop includes it, and it is located in Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
Notes
The history section gives 3 February 1936. Wikidata also gives 3 February 1936.
The company Suunto was registered on 4 February 1936. Its founder, the surveyor Tuomas Vohlonen, had patented a liquid-filled compass housing made of celluloid, and mass production of the wrist-mount Suunto M-311 began that year.
Notes
The history section gives 4 February 1936 as the registration date, and the infobox gives the year 1936 for the founding. The article names no city for the 1936 company; the present headquarters are in Vantaa.
· Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Nazi Germany (now Germany) · Europe
Winter Olympics open in Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Sport
The fourth Winter Games opened on 6 February 1936 in the German resort town and closed on 16 February. Germany's propaganda effort was already at work five months before Berlin hosted the Summer Games.
· Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Nazi Germany (now Germany) · Europe
Great Britain wins the Olympic ice hockey gold in a major upset
SportSome details uncertain
Great Britain took gold in the men's competition on ice at the Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games, a surprise result. The tournament doubled as a world and European championship.
Notes
The infobox gives 6 to 16 February 1936; Wikidata gives February 1936 for the month, with 6 February as the start and 15 February as the end.
· Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Nazi Germany (now Germany) · Europe
Military patrol is shown as a demonstration sport at the Winter Olympics
Sport
A military patrol competition was held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen on 14 February 1936. The IOC had refused to admit the sport to the programme, but Hitler's wishes forced it in as a demonstration sport.
Russian politician Alexander Guchkov dies in exile
Lives
Alexander Guchkov, a Russian politician of the Octobrist Party who chaired the Third Duma and later held the war ministry post in the Russian Provisional Government, died in Paris on 14 February 1936.
The Popular Front wins the 1936 Spanish general election
Politics & diplomacy
Spaniards voted on 16 February 1936 for all 473 seats of the Cortes, and the Popular Front, a left-wing coalition, won. It was the last of three legislative elections of the Second Republic.
Notes
The infobox lists the first round on 16 February 1936, a second round on 4 March 1936 and a partial re-run on 3 May 1936.
H. G. Wells's science fiction film Things to Come is released
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Things to Come, a British science fiction film directed by William Cameron Menzies and produced by Alexander Korda, had its London premiere on 20 February 1936. H. G. Wells wrote it, loosely adapting his book The Shape of Things to Come.
Notes
The infobox gives 20 February 1936, as do the French, Italian and Russian editions; the Italian and Russian editions call it the London premiere. The section on running times and releases gives 21 February 1936 for the UK premiere, and Wikidata gives 21 February with other 1936 and 1978 dates as alternatives, so confidence is medium.
The ladies' competition at the 1936 World Figure Skating Championships took place in Paris on 21 and 22 February, with the men's and pairs' competitions following on 28 and 29 February.
The Russian and Soviet neurologist and physiologist Ivan Pavlov died in Leningrad on 27 February 1936. He had received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on how digestion functions.
Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times, a part-talkie satirical slapstick comedy that he produced, scored, wrote and directed, was released in February 1936. It was his last appearance as the Little Tramp, who struggles to survive in an industrialised world.
Notes
The infobox gives 5 February 1936 for the New York City release and 25 February 1936 for the US premiere; Wikidata also holds 12, 14 and 20 February 1936. Because the dates differ, only the month is stored.
Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness is serialised in Astounding Stories
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
H. P. Lovecraft's science-fiction horror novella At the Mountains of Madness appeared in three parts in Astounding Stories, one in each issue from February to April 1936. Its narrator, Dr. William Dyer, recounts a disastrous Antarctic expedition.
Notes
The infobox gives February to April 1936 for the three instalments in Astounding Stories, and the lead says it was published in three instalments in 1936. No day is given.
The Milky Way, a screwball comedy starring Harold Lloyd as a Brooklyn milkman who becomes the middleweight boxing champion, was released on 7 February 1936. Leo McCarey directed it.
Notes
The infobox gives 7 February 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives only the year. The film's article calls it Anthony Quinn's film debut, but Quinn's own article names The Plainsman and Parole as well, so it is not called his debut.
Charles Curtis, Herbert Hoover's vice president from 1929 to 1933, died in Washington, D.C., on 8 February 1936. Before that he had led the Senate majority from 1924 to 1929.
Notes
The lead and the death section give 8 February 1936. The infobox and Wikidata both give Washington, D.C. as the place of death; the death section's text does not name the place.
The Petrified Forest, a crime tragedy directed by Archie Mayo, was released in the United States on 8 February 1936. It adapts Robert E. Sherwood's 1934 play, and the cast includes Leslie Howard, Bette Davis and Humphrey Bogart.
Notes
The infobox gives a United States release on 8 February 1936. A Variety review quoted in the body is dated January 1936, so earlier trade screenings are possible; Wikidata gives only the year.
Lee Falk began The Phantom as a daily newspaper strip on 17 February 1936. Its hero is a costumed crime-fighter working from the fictional African country of Bangalla.
General Billy Mitchell, a US Army officer who played a major role in creating the US Air Force, died of a coronary occlusion at Doctors Hospital in New York City on 19 February 1936.
Follow the Fleet, an American musical comedy with a naval setting, was released on 20 February 1936. It was the fifth film pairing Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin.
Notes
The infobox gives a United States release on 20 February 1936. Wikidata gives only the year. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
The Story of Louis Pasteur, a black-and-white Warner Bros. biographical picture directed by William Dieterle, was released on 22 February 1936. Paul Muni plays the French scientist Pasteur.
Notes
The infobox gives 22 February 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives only the year.
Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper star in Desire, a romantic crime comedy-drama from the United States released on 28 February 1936. Frank Borzage directed it, and Borzage and Ernst Lubitsch produced it.
Notes
The infobox gives 28 February 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives only the year. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
Wife vs. Secretary, an American romantic comedy-drama directed and co-produced by Clarence Brown, was released on 28 February 1936, with Clark Gable, Myrna Loy and Jean Harlow starring.
Notes
The infobox gives 28 February 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives only the year.
Military coup in Paraguay brings Rafael Franco to power
Politics & diplomacy
On 17 February 1936 a military coup removed Paraguay's President Eusebio Ayala, and Colonel Rafael Franco took power. The coup ended Liberal Party rule and began decades of military dictatorships.
· Mojokerto, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) · Asia
Mojokerto child skullcap is found in Java
ScienceSome details uncertain
In February 1936 a team member on Ralph von Koenigswald's excavation near Mojokerto, in East Java, found the fossil skullcap of a juvenile early human, since classed as Homo erectus.
Notes
The lead and the discovery section give February 1936, and the infobox gives 1936. The article says the fossil's geological date and the exact discovery site are widely disputed; this does not change the discovery month.
· Aomori, Iwate and Akita prefectures, Empire of Japan (now Japan) · Asia
Towada-Hachimantai National Park is established in Japan
Everyday life
Towada-Hachimantai National Park was established on 1 February 1936. It is made up of two separate areas across Aomori, Iwate and Akita prefectures in northern Japan.
Notes
The infobox gives 1 February 1936, and Wikidata gives the same day. The lead gives no date.
The Riken Concern, the commercial arm of a Japanese research institute, founded Ricoh on 6 February 1936.
Notes
The infobox and the lead give 6 February 1936. The articles do not say where in Japan the company was first set up, so the place is given at country level.
On 22 February 1936 two football bodies in Selangor officially merged as the Football Association of Selangor, so as to represent the state. An earlier state association dated from 1906.
Notes
The infobox lists several founding dates: 1906 as Selangor SFA (unofficial), 1921 (official), 22 February 1936 as Selangor FA and 2 October 2020 for the present company. The 1936 date is for the merger that formed Selangor FA. The article does not name a city for the merger.
February 26 Incident: army officers attempt a coup in Tokyo
War & conflict
On 26 February 1936 young Imperial Army officers occupied the government centre of Tokyo and killed senior officials, two former prime ministers among them. They failed to kill Prime Minister Okada Keisuke or to seize the Imperial Palace.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 to 29 February 1936. Wikidata places the event in Yugawara, but the infobox gives Tokyo.
Finance Minister Takahashi Korekiyo is assassinated
Lives
Takahashi Korekiyo, a Japanese politician who had been prime minister from 1921 to 1922 and was serving as Minister of Finance, was assassinated in Tokyo on 26 February 1936. Military officers angry at his 1935 decision to cut government spending killed him.
Notes
The lead says February 1936 and the infobox gives 26 February 1936; the body says he was killed in the February 26 incident. Wikidata gives the same day and a place in Akasaka-ku.
Former Prime Minister Saitō Makoto is assassinated
LivesSome details uncertain
Saitō Makoto, a Japanese admiral and politician who served as prime minister from 1932 to 1934, was assassinated in Tokyo on 26 February 1936. He had been Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal since 26 December 1935.
Notes
The lead says Saitō was assassinated during the February 26 Incident, and the infobox ends his Privy Seal term on 26 February 1936. The sources disagree on when that term began: the infobox gives 26 February 1935, but the later-career section says he held the post from 26 December 1935, the succession box gives December 1935 to February 1936, and Japanese Wikipedia's chronology dates his appointment to 26 December 1935 (citing the official gazette of that day). The December 1935 date is used and the infobox start looks like a slip. Wikidata gives 26 February 1936 and a place in Yotsuya-ku.
· Amba Aradam, Ethiopian Empire (now Ethiopia) · Africa
Battle of Amba Aradam in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War
War & conflict
Italian forces under Marshal Pietro Badoglio fought Ethiopian forces under Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu around Amba Aradam, on the northern front of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, from 10 to 19 February 1936. The battle ended in an Italian victory.
· Tembien Province, Ethiopian Empire (now Ethiopia) · Africa
Second Battle of Tembien in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
War & conflict
In the northern fighting of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Italian forces under Marshal Pietro Badoglio fought Ethiopian armies led by Ras Seyoum Mangasha, as well as Ras Kassa Haile Darge, between 27 and 29 February 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives 27 to 29 February 1936 and an Italian victory.
The French bacteriologist Charles Nicolle died in Tunis on 28 February 1936, still director of the Pasteur Institute of Tunis. He had won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for identifying lice as the carriers of epidemic typhus.
The Battle of Shire ran from 29 February to 2 March 1936, with Marshal Pietro Badoglio's Italian forces facing those of Ras Imru Haile Selassie. Attack followed counterattack, and the Italians came out on top.
Notes
The infobox gives 29 February to 2 March 1936 and an Italian victory. Wikidata gives the same start and the end date 2 March.
The Scottish physician, physiologist and philosopher John Scott Haldane died of pneumonia in Oxford around midnight between 14 and 15 March 1936. He was known for risky experiments on himself.
Notes
The infobox gives 14 March 1936, the lead gives 14/15 March, the death section says midnight on the night of 14/15 March, and Wikidata gives 15 March. Because the sources split across the midnight, only the month is stored.
The Russian poet, musician and novelist Mikhail Kuzmin died of pneumonia in Leningrad on 1 March 1936.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 1 March 1936, as do the Russian edition and Wikidata; the German edition gives 3 March 1936. The infobox gives Leningrad as the death place, where Wikidata gives Saint Petersburg, the city's present name.
On 7 March 1936 about 20,000 German troops marched into the Rhineland, breaking the Versailles settlement and the Locarno agreements. France and Britain were not ready to use force, and no armed response followed.
· Przytyk, Second Polish Republic (now Poland) · Europe
Przytyk riots between Polish and Jewish communities
War & conflict
A small quarrel involving a Jewish baker and a Polish farmer who was selling goods set off violence between Polish and Jewish residents of Przytyk on 9 March 1936.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 9 March 1936. The article says the term pogrom is contested and that some Polish historians think the Jewish side may have started the disturbance.
· Yaroslavl Oblast, Soviet Union (now Russia) · Europe
Yaroslavl Oblast is created
Politics & diplomacy
On 11 March 1936 the Soviet authorities created Yaroslavl Oblast, which took in most of the former Yaroslavl Governorate. It gained its present borders in 1944, when Kostroma Oblast was set up as a separate region.
Notes
The History section (its part on the Soviet years) gives 11 March 1936 for the creation, says the new oblast took in most of the former Yaroslavl Governorate, and says it reached its current borders in 1944 once Kostroma Oblast was organised as a separate region. The same part dates the start of work on the Rybinsk dam to 1935.
Admiral of the Fleet David Beatty, a Royal Navy officer, died in London on 12 March 1936. At Jutland in 1916 he led the Battle Cruiser Fleet, and he later succeeded Jellicoe as head of the Grand Fleet.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 12 March 1936, and the death section says he died at about 1 am that day, citing a 1980 book by Roskill and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; the Italian article agrees. The German, Spanish and French articles and Wikidata give 11 March 1936, so the day is disputed.
Germany establishes the Wehrmacht Long Service Award
War & conflict
Hitler ordered the Wehrmacht Long Service Award into existence on 16 March 1936. It was a Nazi German decoration given in four classes for years of satisfactory service.
Notes
The infobox and the history section both give 16 March 1936.
· Timișoara, Kingdom of Romania (now Romania) · Europe
Building starts on Timișoara's Orthodox Cathedral
Religion & philosophySome details uncertain
Construction of the Orthodox Cathedral in Timișoara got under way on 16 March 1936, after the city hall offered the bricks without charge. The cathedral carries the dedication of the Three Holy Hierarchs.
Notes
Only the history section gives 16 March 1936 for the start of construction. Wikidata gives 6 October 1936, which the article does not support; 6 October is the day of the consecration service, in 1946. The infobox gives 1946 as the consecration year.
The Greek statesman Eleftherios Venizelos, who led the national liberation movement, died on 18 March 1936. Heading the Liberal Party, he was prime minister for more than twelve years in eight terms between 1910 and 1933.
Notes
The lead gives 18 March 1936 as the death date. The lead says he had fled to Paris, where he died, and Wikidata also gives Paris.
The composer, teacher and conductor Alexander Glazunov, a figure of the late Russian Romantic period, died at Neuilly-sur-Seine, near Paris, on 21 March 1936, aged 70. He had directed the Saint Petersburg Conservatory from 1905 to 1928.
The 1936 World Snooker Championship ran at Burroughes and Thurston's Halls in London from 23 March to 2 May, with 13 entries, up from five the year before. Joe Davis won his tenth title in a row, beating Horace Lindrum 34-27 in the final.
The nations at the Second London Naval Disarmament Conference signed the treaty on 25 March 1936. The conference had opened in London on 9 December 1935 and aimed to limit naval armaments before World War II.
Dynamo Odesa, later FC Chornomorets Odesa, is founded
SportSome details uncertain
The Odesa club now called Chornomorets dates its official foundation to 26 March 1936, when it played as Dynamo Odesa. Dynamo also entered the All-Union competitions that year.
Notes
The infobox and the history text give 26 March 1936 as the official foundation date. The naming-history list in the same article says the club was formed in 1926 as Dynamo Odesa out of Spartak Odesa, and the shield showed 1958 and 1959 until 2002.
Germans vote in a one-question referendum on the Rhineland and a single Reichstag list
Politics & diplomacy
On 29 March 1936 Germans were asked in a single question to endorse the troops' move into the Rhineland as well as one party list for the Reichstag. Everyone on the list was a Nazi except 19 nominally independent guests of the party.
· Black Canyon, Colorado River, United States · North America
Hoover Dam is formally handed over to the federal government
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
On 1 March 1936 Secretary Ickes formally accepted Hoover Dam for the government, more than two years ahead of schedule. Work on the dam had run from 1931 to 1936, through the Depression years.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 as the opening year. The lead says the dam was dedicated on 30 September 1935 and built by 1936; a later section dates the formal handover to 1 March 1936 and the first power generation to the latter half of 1936. The handover date is stored.
The ceremony on 5 March 1936, hosted by Academy president Frank Capra, honoured films from 1935. Mutiny on the Bounty won Best Picture but no other award.
John Cromwell directed Little Lord Fauntleroy, an American drama based on Frances Hodgson Burnett's 1886 novel, which reached US cinemas on 6 March 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives the United States release as 6 March 1936. The production section says a world premiere took place two days earlier, on 4 March 1936, in Warm Springs, Georgia. Wikidata gives only the year.
The Federal Register put out its first issue on 16 March 1936, under a system created by the Federal Register Act of 26 July 1935. It is the US government's official journal.
Notes
The history section gives 16 March 1936 for the first issue, and the German and Spanish editions repeat it. Wikidata gives 14 March 1936, and no outside source could be checked to settle the difference, so confidence is medium. The history section gives 26 July 1935 for the Act, and the infobox gives that as the founding date.
These Three, an American drama directed by William Wyler, was released on 18 March 1936. Lillian Hellman adapted her own play The Children's Hour for the screenplay.
Notes
The infobox gives 18 March 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives only the year. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
Pro-Nazi German American Bund is founded in the United States
Politics & diplomacy
The German American Bund, a Nazi-aligned organisation of German Americans, was founded in the United States in 1936 as the successor to the Friends of New Germany. Fritz Julius Kuhn was its leader.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 March 1936 as the founding date and the lead says it was established in 1936.
The Great Ziegfeld has its premiere in Los Angeles
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
The Great Ziegfeld, an American musical drama directed by Robert Z. Leonard, had its premiere in Los Angeles on 22 March 1936. William Powell plays Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., Luise Rainer plays Anna Held and Myrna Loy plays Billie Burke.
Notes
The infobox's film-date template gives 22 March 1936 for the Los Angeles premiere and 8 April 1936 for the US release, and the body says the film premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles. Wikidata gives the year 1936 and also 16 October 1936 for a release qualified by Sweden. The Los Angeles premiere date is stored.
The Indian monk and yogi Sri Yukteswar Giri, born Priya Nath Karar in Serampore in 1855, died in Puri on 9 March 1936. He was the guru of Paramahansa Yogananda and of Swami Satyananda Giri.
· Ulaanbaatar, Mongolian People's Republic (now Mongolia) · Asia
The Soviet Union and Mongolia sign a mutual assistance pact
Politics & diplomacy
The Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic signed a treaty of mutual assistance in Ulaanbaatar on 12 March 1936. Mongolian prime minister Peljidiin Genden and the Soviet representative Vladimir Tairov put their names to it.
Notes
The lead gives 12 March 1936 and the signing place, Ulaanbaatar.
· Songshan, Taipei, Empire of Japan (now Taiwan) · Asia
Japanese airfield that became Taipei Songshan Airport is built
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
The airfield at Songshan, later Taipei Songshan Airport, was built on 28 March 1936 under Japanese rule, beginning as a Japanese military airbase.
Notes
Only the history section gives 28 March 1936, for when the airport was built. The infobox gives 16 April 1950 as an opening date, which differs from the 1936 construction date in the history section. Wikidata gives only the year.
· near Maychew, Ethiopian Empire (now Ethiopia) · Africa
Battle of Maychew in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
War & conflict
At dawn on 31 March 1936 near Maychew, Emperor Haile Selassie's Ethiopian forces made a frontal attack on prepared Italian positions. Marshal Pietro Badoglio commanded the Italian defenders, and Italy won the battle after the counterattack failed.
The German sociologist, economist and philosopher Ferdinand Tönnies died in isolation at his home in Kiel in April 1936. He is best known for separating social groups into two types, Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society).
Notes
The lead gives 8 April 1936 and the infobox gives 9 April 1936; Wikidata gives 9 April. Because the days differ, only the month is stored.
Three women, Mercedes Comaposada, Lucía Sánchez Saornil and Amparo Poch y Gascón, set up Mujeres Libres in 1936 as a small group in Madrid. They acted because many women in the anarcho-syndicalist movement felt male anarchists overlooked their concerns.
Notes
Only the infobox gives April 1936 for the founding. The body says a first group began to form in Madrid by 1935, and a second group affiliated with it in late 1936. The lead says only 1936 to 1939.
The eighth Monaco Grand Prix was held on 13 April 1936, with Louis Chiron of Monaco on pole and heavy rain affecting the race. Rudolf Caracciola won for Mercedes-Benz.
The Irish Government set up Aer Lingus on 15 April 1936 with capital of £100,000. The name is an anglicised form of an Irish phrase meaning air fleet.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 15 April 1936 for the founding and 22 May 1936 for registration as an airline. German Wikipedia dates the founding to 22 May 1936 and the first flights to 27 May; the Spanish article's infobox gives 15 April 1936 for the founding and 28 May for the start of flying. Wikidata gives 28 May 1936. The founding date is kept at medium confidence.
The Italian composer, violinist, teacher and musicologist Ottorino Respighi died in Rome on 18 April 1936, aged 56, four months after falling ill with bacterial endocarditis while writing the opera Lucrezia.
George Orwell's Keep the Aspidistra Flying is published
Art & literature
Victor Gollancz published George Orwell's socially critical novel Keep the Aspidistra Flying on 20 April 1936. It was Orwell's third novel and fourth book, set in 1930s London.
Notes
The infobox gives 20 April 1936 as the release date; the lead says only that it was first published in 1936.
· Wembley Stadium, London, United Kingdom · Europe
Arsenal wins the 1936 FA Cup final
Sport
At Wembley on 25 April 1936 Ted Drake's 74th-minute goal gave Arsenal a 1-0 win over Sheffield United in the FA Cup final, after Arsenal dominated the second half.
Popular Front wins the French legislative election
Politics & diplomacy
The 1936 French legislative election was held in two rounds, on 26 April and 3 May, and brought the Popular Front alliance of Socialists, Radicals and Communists to power in place of the conservative coalition. Léon Blum became president of the council.
Karl Pearson, an English biostatistician and mathematician, died on 27 April 1936 at Coldharbour in Surrey. He has been credited with founding mathematical statistics as a discipline.
The English classical scholar and poet A. E. Housman died in Cambridge on 30 April 1936. After failing his final examination at Oxford he became a patent examiner in London in 1882.
In April 1936 RCA brought out the 6L6, a beam tetrode meant to serve as an audio power amplifier.
Notes
The lead gives April 1936 for RCA's introduction of the 6L6; the history section says a similar tube had been shown in January 1935 as the Marconi N40. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
Marilyn Miller, born Mary Ellen Reynolds, ranked among Broadway's most popular musical stars in the 1920s and early 1930s. She died in New York on 7 April 1936, aged 37.
· Beekman Place, Manhattan, New York City, United States · North America
Nancy Titterton is found killed in her New York apartment
Everyday life
Nancy Titterton, an aspiring novelist married to an NBC executive, was killed in her apartment at 22 Beekman Place, Manhattan, on 10 April 1936. She had been strangled.
Notes
The infobox, lead and body agree on 10 April 1936.
Homer Marshman, an Ohio lawyer, and the player-coach Damon Wetzel founded the Cleveland Rams on 11 April 1936. The team's first season came in 1936, and it entered the NFL in 1937.
Notes
The infobox and history section give 11 April 1936 for the founding, 1936 for the first season and 1937 for the start in the NFL.
Frank Capra produced and directed the American romantic comedy-drama Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, released on 12 April 1936, which stars Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur.
Notes
The infobox gives 12 April 1936 as the release date.
· Orissa Province, British India (now India) · Asia
Orissa Province is created in British India
Politics & diplomacy
On 1 April 1936 the British Indian government created Orissa Province, joining Odia-speaking areas drawn from Bihar and Orissa Province, the Madras Presidency and elsewhere. The joint province of Bihar and Orissa ceased to exist.
Notes
The infobox gives 1 April 1936 as the formation date, called Utkala Dibasa.
Palestinian Arabs rose against British rule in April 1936, seeking independence and an end to British backing for Zionism, including Jewish immigration. An Arab general strike lasted until October.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 April 1936 to 26 August 1939. Wikidata gives April 1936 for the start, with 19 April 1936 as an alternative start date.
Deadly riots in Jaffa, often seen as the start of the Arab revolt
War & conflict
On 19 April 1936 attacks on British installations and on Jewish residents of the Yishuv began in Jaffa. The riots left 14 Jews and 2 Arabs dead, and the day is commonly seen as the opening of the Arab revolt in Palestine, which lasted until 1939.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 to 21 April 1936. The lead and the French edition give 14 Jewish and 2 Arab deaths for the riots as a whole; a contemporary report quoted in the body counted 9 Jews and 2 Arabs dead after the first day, and the rioting lasted three days. The background section says the British authorities dated the start of the revolt to 15 April, so the Jaffa riot is stored as an event within the revolt rather than its sole start.
The Arab Higher Committee is formed in Mandatory Palestine
Politics & diplomacy
The Arab Higher Committee was established on 25 April 1936, after the Great Arab revolt had begun. The initiative came from the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husayni, and the members were leaders of Palestinian Arab clans and parties.
Notes
The infobox, lead and formation section agree on 25 April 1936.
· Cairo, Kingdom of Egypt (now Egypt) · Middle East
King Fuad I of Egypt dies
Lives
King Fuad I of Egypt died on 28 April 1936, aged 68, in Cairo's Koubbeh Palace, reportedly from heart failure. He had ruled since 1917, succeeding his elder brother Hussein Kamel.
Italian forces occupied the Sultanate of Aussa on 1 April 1936, during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, and the sultanate was abolished. Its territory was divided up within Italian East Africa.
Notes
The lead and the history section give 1 April 1936 for the occupation; the article gives no separate day for the formal abolition, and the infobox gives 1936 as the end year. The lead says the sultanate lay in the Afar Triangle, across southern Eritrea, eastern Ethiopia and western Djibouti; the place is given as Aussa, the sultanate's capital (Asaita), which the article places in Ethiopia.
· Ogaden, Ethiopian Empire (now Ethiopia) · Africa
The Battle of the Ogaden begins
War & conflict
From 14 to 25 April 1936, Italian forces under General Rodolfo Graziani attacked the defensive positions of Ras Nasibu Emmanual in southern Ethiopia, during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The Italians won.
Notes
The infobox gives 14 to 25 April 1936 and an Italian victory; the lead says only that the battle was fought in 1936.
· Union of South Africa (now South Africa) · Africa
South Africa's Representation of Natives Act receives royal assent
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
South Africa's Representation of Natives Act received royal assent on 20 April 1936. It removed the Cape's small black elite from the common voters' rolls, on which they had been registered since 1854.
Notes
The infobox gives royal assent on 20 April 1936 and commencement on 10 July 1936, as does the lead for commencement. The infobox calls it Act No. 12 of 1936. Wikidata gives only the year.
Simferopol Airport: land is set aside and Moscow flights begin
TechnologySome details uncertain
On 21 January 1936 the Crimean Autonomous Republic's council of commissars ordered land set aside for the airport at Simferopol, and flights from Simferopol to Moscow began in May 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 for the opening, the history section dates the construction decision to 21 January 1936, and flights to Moscow began in May 1936. No exact opening day is stated.
Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf is first performed in Moscow
Stage, music & film
Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf, a symphonic tale for children, was first played on 2 May 1936 at a concert for young listeners in the Moscow Conservatory's main hall. Natalya Sats, director of Moscow's Central Children's Theatre, had commissioned it.
The German-born sociologist Robert Michels, who became Italian and added to elite theory, died in Rome on 3 May 1936, soon after falling ill in Bordeaux.
Notes
The lead, infobox and body give 3 May 1936. Wikidata gives 2 May 1936.
The second Vuelta a España ran over 21 stages from 5 to 31 May 1936, and the Belgian Gustaaf Deloor won the general classification. It began amid a volatile political and social situation in Spain.
The Comintern decides to close its Moscow university for western minorities
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
KUNMZ, the Moscow communist university for the national minorities of the West, was dissolved following a decision taken on 7 and 8 May 1936 by the Secretariat of the Comintern's Executive Committee. A 1921 decree had set it up to train party cadres, first from Russia's western areas and the Volga German community.
Notes
The history section gives the date of the decision, 7 to 8 May 1936, not the date the school actually closed. The photo caption and the history section place the university in Moscow, and the French edition says it sat in Moscow; the German edition says it had its main seat in Moscow and a branch in Leningrad.
The German historian and philosopher Oswald Spengler died of a heart attack in Munich on 8 May 1936. He is best known for The Decline of the West, a two-volume work published in 1918 and 1922.
Alfred Hitchcock's British spy thriller Secret Agent was released on 11 May 1936. John Gielgud, Peter Lorre, Madeleine Carroll and Robert Young head the cast, and Michael Rennie made his film debut in it.
Notes
The infobox gives 11 May 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives 15 June 1936 and also lists 28 September 1936.
Field Marshal Allenby, a high-ranking British Army officer who also served as an imperial governor, died in Kensington, London, on 14 May 1936. In World War I he led the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.
The international aviation exhibition ILIS ran at the Lindarängen flying boat facility in Stockholm from 15 May to 1 June 1936. The Bureau International des Expositions recognised it as its first specialised exhibition.
· Lviv, Second Polish Republic (now Ukraine) · Europe
Anti-fascist cultural workers meet in Lviv
Politics & diplomacy
A congress of anti-fascist cultural workers took place in Lviv on 16 and 17 May 1936. Progressive intellectuals from Poland, Western Ukraine and Western Belarus attended, and the Communist parties of Poland and Western Ukraine organised it.
Notes
The lead gives 16 and 17 May 1936. The infobox places it in the Tramway Workers' House in Lviv, then in the Second Polish Republic.
Moscow's old Krymsky Bridge is moved on temporary supports
Architecture
The old Krymsky Bridge was moved fifty metres on temporary pillars between 21 and 26 May 1936. A replacement had been due since 1935, and the present bridge was finished in May 1938 during the rebuilding of central Moscow.
Notes
The history section gives 21 to 26 May 1936 for the move, and the lead gives 1 May 1938 for the completion of the present bridge. Wikidata gives only the year 1936.
King Gustaf V officially opened Bromma Airport in Stockholm on 23 May 1936. Bromma was the first airport on the continent to be built with paved runways.
Notes
The infobox and the history section give 23 May 1936, while the lead says 13 May 1936. Another article on the 1936 Stockholm aviation exhibition also says Bromma was inaugurated on 23 May 1936, so that date is stored.
The French symbolist poet Henri de Régnier, counted among France's most important poets of the early twentieth century, died in Paris on 23 May 1936, aged 71.
The football club now known as Shakhtar Donetsk was founded on 24 May 1936, at first under the name Stakhanovets. It was renamed Shakhtyor in 1946 and FC Shakhtar in 1992.
Notes
The infobox gives 24 May 1936 as the founding date and the history section gives 1936 as the start of the Stakhanovets name. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
The American Booksellers Association set up the National Book Awards in 1936, making the first presentations in May that year during its annual convention.
Notes
The lead says the awards were established in 1936, and the history section dates the first presentations to May 1936. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
Universal's horror film Dracula's Daughter is released
Stage, music & film
Dracula's Daughter, a sequel to the 1931 Dracula from Universal Pictures, reached cinemas on 11 May 1936. In it Gloria Holden plays Countess Marya Zaleska, who believes destroying her father's body will free her from his influence.
Notes
The infobox gives 11 May 1936 as the release date. The production section says shooting began on 4 February 1936. Wikidata gives the same release date.
James Whale directed Show Boat, an American romantic musical film released in New York City on 14 May 1936. It adapts the 1927 stage musical by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II, itself drawn from Edna Ferber's novel.
Notes
The infobox gives a New York City release on 14 May 1936 and a United States release on 17 May 1936. Wikidata gives only the year.
Guatemala's Club Municipal is founded by city workers
Sport
Club Social y Deportivo Municipal was founded on 17 May 1936 by employees of Guatemala City's municipal government, which gave the club its name. It plays in the top tier and is known as Los Rojos.
Notes
The infobox and the history section both give 17 May 1936.
· Indianapolis Motor Speedway, United States · North America
Louis Meyer wins the 1936 Indianapolis 500
Sport
Louis Meyer won the 24th Indianapolis 500, held on Saturday 30 May 1936 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and became the first driver to win the race three times.
· Plaza de la República, Buenos Aires, Argentina · South America
Buenos Aires finishes its Obelisco
Architecture
The Obelisco de Buenos Aires, a reinforced concrete monument designed by Alberto Prebisch, was completed on 23 May 1936. Work had started only on 20 March, and it went up to mark four centuries since the city was first founded.
Notes
The infobox gives 23 May 1936 as the build date and the history section gives 20 March to 23 May 1936 for construction. Wikidata also gives 23 May 1936, and lists a different date, 2 February 1936, as the inception, which the article does not support.
Kikunae Ikeda, the chemist who identified umami, dies
Lives
The Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda, a professor of chemistry at Tokyo Imperial University, died in Tokyo aged 71 on 3 May 1936. In 1908 he worked out the cause of the taste he called umami.
Hu Hanmin, a Chinese philosopher and politician and an early right-wing faction leader in the Kuomintang, died of a cerebral haemorrhage in Guangzhou on 12 May 1936. He had returned to China in January 1936 after a trip to Europe.
Notes
The body names Guangzhou as the place where he lived and died; the infobox gives Guangdong.
The 24-hour race at Le Mans, planned for 14 and 15 June 1936, never took place. A general strike followed the Popular Front's election win and was settled only days before scrutineering was due to begin. The organisers postponed the race at the start of June and cancelled it at the end of the month.
Notes
The lead gives 14 and 15 June 1936 as the planned race dates, which were never run. It says the organisers postponed the race at the beginning of June and cancelled it at the end of the month, with no day given, so the cancellation is dated to June 1936.
· Sumburgh, Shetland, Scotland, United Kingdom · Europe
Sumburgh Airport opens in Shetland
Architecture
Sumburgh Airport in Shetland opened on 3 June 1936, when Captain Fresson of Highland Airways flew the inaugural service from Aberdeen in a De Havilland Dragon Rapide. It is the main airport of the islands.
Notes
The history section gives 3 June 1936 for the opening. Wikidata gives only the year.
On 10 June 1936 an order from the directorate of GUKF, the USSR's film monopoly, set up Soyuzmultfilm as its animation unit. It was later known as Soyuzmultdetfilm.
Notes
The infobox, lead and history section all give 10 June 1936. The lead places the studio in Moscow today; the text read here does not say where the 1936 unit was set up.
· New Burlington Galleries, London, United Kingdom · Europe
London hosts the International Surrealist Exhibition
Art & literature
The International Surrealist Exhibition ran at London's New Burlington Galleries from 11 June to 4 July 1936. Its organisers came from England, France, Belgium, Scandinavia and Spain, and the English and French sides each had their own committee.
Notes
The lead gives 11 June to 4 July 1936. The organisers section lists the English and French committees and one representative each for Belgium, Scandinavia and Spain.
· Vienna, Federal State of Austria (now Austria) · Europe
Karl Kraus dies
Lives
The Austrian journalist and writer Karl Kraus, a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet, died in Vienna on 12 June 1936. His satire targeted newspapers, German culture and the politics of Germany and Austria.
The English writer and Christian apologist G. K. Chesterton died in Beaconsfield on 14 June 1936. He created Father Brown, a priest who solves crimes, and wrote books on faith including Orthodoxy and The Everlasting Man.
The German architect, painter and set designer Hans Poelzig died in Berlin on 14 June 1936. From 1920 to 1935 he taught at what is now the Technische Universität Berlin.
· Gorki-10, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union (now Russia) · Europe
Maxim Gorky dies
Lives
The writer and journalist Maxim Gorky, born Alexei Peshkov, died on 18 June 1936 at Gorki-10 in Moscow Oblast, officially of pneumonia, though his death has long been the subject of speculation. He had lived in the Soviet Union since 1932 after returning at Stalin's personal invitation, and his grave is in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.
Madrid FC beats Barcelona in the Spanish cup final
Sport
On 21 June 1936 Madrid FC, today's Real Madrid, won the Spanish cup final against Barcelona 2-1 at Valencia's Mestalla. It was the last cup final before the Spanish Civil War stopped the competition until 1939.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 21 June 1936 at the Mestalla in Valencia.
· Vienna, Federal State of Austria (now Austria) · Europe
Moritz Schlick is murdered in Vienna
Lives
The German philosopher and physicist Moritz Schlick, founder of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle, was murdered in Vienna on 22 June 1936 by a former student, Johann Nelböck.
The 56th Wimbledon Championships ran on grass courts from Monday 22 June to Saturday 4 July 1936. Fred Perry won the gentlemen's singles and Helen Jacobs the ladies' singles.
The Ordnungspolizei became the uniformed police force of Nazi Germany, which it remained until 1945, after a decree of 17 June 1936 appointed Heinrich Himmler head of the German police.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 June 1936 as the formation date; the history section gives a decree of 17 June 1936 appointing Himmler. Wikidata gives 26 June 1936.
Nazi Germany creates the Security Police, the SiPo
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
On 26 June 1936 the Nazi state merged the Gestapo with the criminal police (Kripo) to create the Sicherheitspolizei, or SiPo, following Hitler's appointment of Himmler as head of the German police.
Notes
Only the infobox and Wikidata give 26 June 1936 as the formation day. The body dates Himmler's appointment and the unification of the police to 17 June 1936, and the lead says only that the SiPo existed between 1936 and 1939, so confidence is medium.
Dutch orientalist Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dies
Lives
The Dutch scholar of Oriental cultures and languages Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje died in Leiden on 26 June 1936. He had served as an adviser on native affairs to the Dutch colonial rulers of the East Indies.
Alexander Berkman, a Russian-American anarchist and author, took his own life in Nice on 28 June 1936, in ill health after two operations. Raised in a rich Jewish family in Vilna, he emigrated to the United States in 1888 and became active in the anarchist movement in New York City.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 28 June 1936 and place the death in Nice.
Fury, a crime film directed by Fritz Lang, his first made in America, was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on 5 June 1936. Spencer Tracy plays an innocent man who barely survives a lynch mob and then seeks revenge.
Notes
The infobox gives 5 June 1936 as the release date, while Wikidata gives 26 June 1936. The article is treated as the primary source, so the date is held at medium confidence.
· Cross Plains, Texas, United States · North America
Robert E. Howard dies
Lives
The American pulp author Robert E. Howard took his own life on 11 June 1936 in Cross Plains, Texas, where he had spent most of his life, at the age of 30. He invented Conan the Barbarian and is counted as the genre founder of sword and sorcery.
The American stage and film actor Henry B. Walthall died in Monrovia, California, on 17 June 1936, three weeks after entering a sanitarium there, of an intestinal illness. In 1915 he had played the Little Colonel in Griffith's The Birth of a Nation.
· Newark and Chicago, United States · North America
American Airlines starts passenger flights with the new Douglas airliner
TechnologySome details uncertain
On 26 June 1936 American Airlines began passenger service with its new Douglas airliners, with flights leaving Newark, New Jersey, and Chicago at the same time.
Notes
The airline's history section gives 26 June 1936 straight after describing the first DC-3s delivered to American, and the Douglas DC-3 article gives the same date in its operational history. The infobox's 25 June 1936 start date, which Wikidata also gives, is not used, because the company had already taken the name American Airlines in 1934.
W. S. Van Dyke directed San Francisco, an American disaster film with songs, set around the earthquake that struck the city on 18 April 1906. Clark Gable, Jeanette MacDonald and Spencer Tracy star in the film, which was released on 26 June 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 June 1936 as the release date. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
Macmillan released Gone with the Wind, the novel by Margaret Mitchell, on 30 June 1936. The story is set in Atlanta and Clayton County, Georgia, in the years of the American Civil War and Reconstruction, and follows Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled eldest daughter of a prosperous plantation owner.
Notes
The infobox gives 30 June 1936 as the release date; the lead says the novel was first published in 1936.
Caltex is formed by Standard Oil of California and Texaco
Economy & trade
Caltex, the California Texas Oil Company, came into being on 30 June 1936 as a joint venture. Standard Oil of California joined The Texas Company in setting it up, and it was held as a subsidiary of the Bahrain Petroleum Company.
Notes
The infobox and the history section both give 30 June 1936. The articles do not say where the joint venture was signed, so no place is given.
A permanent radio service began in India in May 1932; on 8 June 1936 it took the name All India Radio, which the state-owned public broadcaster still uses. It is also known as Akashvani.
Notes
The infobox gives 8 June 1936 as the launch date and the history section says the service was renamed on that day; the lead says it was founded in 1936. The place is given at country level.
A total solar eclipse occurred on Friday 19 June 1936. The band of totality swept over Greece, Turkey, the USSR and China before reaching Hokkaido, one of Japan's islands, and lasted longest, roughly 2.5 minutes, near Bratsk.
· Horn of Africa, Italian East Africa (now Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia) · Africa
Mussolini proclaims Italian East Africa
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Mussolini proclaimed Italian East Africa on 1 June 1936, after Italy conquered and annexed Ethiopia. It was an administrative unit of Italy's colonial empire in the Horn of Africa and lasted until 1941.
Notes
The lead gives 1 June 1936 for the proclamation; the infobox lists 5 May 1936, 9 May for the formal annexation of Ethiopia and 1 June 1936. Wikidata gives only the year 1936.
A group of generals tried to overthrow Spain's Popular Front government in July 1936, but the coup only partly succeeded. Most major cities stayed out of rebel hands, and the country split into two armed camps.
Notes
The infobox gives 17 July 1936 as the start and Wikidata gives 18 July 1936; the rising began in Spanish Morocco on 17 July and spread to mainland Spain over the following days, so the month is stored.
· Oranienburg, Nazi Germany (now Germany) · Europe
Sachsenhausen concentration camp opens
War & conflictSome details uncertain
The SS ran Sachsenhausen as a Nazi concentration camp at Oranienburg from 1936 until April 1945. In July 1936 prisoners from the closed Esterwegen and Columbia camps were moved there.
Notes
The infobox gives July 1936 as the start of operation and the body says the camp was finished in 1936; no day is given in the text. Wikidata gives 12 July 1936. Only the month is stored.
· Loyola, San Sebastián, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Siege of the Loyola barracks in San Sebastián
War & conflictSome details uncertain
Rebel troops in San Sebastián's Loyola barracks rose against the Republic in July 1936, urged on by Emilio Mola, and were surrounded by a column from Eibar under Colonel Augusto Pérez Garmendia on 20 July. They surrendered on 27 July.
Notes
The article gives different start days: the lead says the siege took place on 21 July 1936, the infobox runs from 19 to 27 July, and Wikidata starts on 21 July. All agree on 27 July as the surrender, so the month is stored at medium confidence. The uprising section gives 20 July for the arrival of the Eibar column and 27 July for the surrender.
Aragon became a theatre of fighting in the Spanish Civil War from July 1936, and the front there lasted until spring 1938. It stayed largely stable through the first winter.
Notes
The article gives July 1936 as the start but no day; Wikidata gives 18 July 1936, which the article does not confirm. The end is given as spring 1938 in the lead and August 1938 in the infobox, and Wikidata gives 19 April 1938.
Agatha Christie's Murder in Mesopotamia is first published
Art & literature
Agatha Christie's mystery Murder in Mesopotamia appeared in the UK on 6 July 1936 from the Collins Crime Club, with the US edition from Dodd, Mead and Company later that year.
Notes
The infobox, lead and publication history all give 6 July 1936 for the UK edition.
The 30th Tour de France ran over 21 stages from 7 July to 2 August 1936, and the Belgian Sylvère Maes won it. Henri Desgrange stepped down as director for health reasons, and Jacques Goddet took over.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 7 July to 2 August 1936.
Georgy Chicherin, a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Soviet politician, died in Moscow on 7 July 1936. From March 1918 to July 1930 he led Soviet foreign affairs as its first foreign commissar.
Notes
The lead gives the end of his tenure as July 1930, and the infobox lists the terms ending 6 July 1923 and 21 July 1930.
Frankfurt Airport opened on 8 July 1936, about 12 km southwest of central Frankfurt.
Notes
The infobox gives 8 July 1936 as the opening date; the runway table gives 1936 as the inauguration of the runway it calls Runway North (07C/25C) and does not call it the main one. Wikidata gives 8 July 1936, unreferenced. The summary leaves out Lufthansa use in 1936: the article supports it only through a photo caption that lists an Fw 200, a type whose first prototype flew on 27 July 1937 according to the Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor article.
On 11 July 1936 Austria and Nazi Germany reached the July Agreement, an informal understanding negotiated by Franz von Papen and Kurt von Schuschnigg. Germany accepted Austrian sovereignty and agreed not to interfere in its internal affairs.
Notes
The lead gives 11 July 1936 and says the agreement was not published at first. The lead does not name the signing city, so the place is given as Austria.
Monarchist politician José Calvo Sotelo is assassinated
Lives
José Calvo Sotelo, a monarchist politician and former finance minister under Primo de Rivera, was arrested at his home by assault guards and militiamen under Fernando Condés in the early hours of 13 July 1936 and shot dead in a police truck. The army uprising followed on 17 July.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 13 July 1936 as the date of death. The assassination section describes the party reaching his house in the early hours of 13 July, his arrest and his shooting in a police truck, and gives 10 pm on 12 July for the killing of José Castillo; it adds that later investigations named Luis Cuenca, a bodyguard of the PSOE leader Indalecio Prieto, as the gunman.
Bomber Command of the Royal Air Force was formed on 14 July 1936 and directed the RAF's bomber forces until 1968. Its headquarters stood at RAF Uxbridge until 1940, and then moved to RAF High Wycombe.
Notes
The infobox gives 14 July 1936 as the start date, and the lead and background give 1936 for the formation.
The surreal humour magazine Bertoldo, published every two weeks in Milan, brought out its first issue on 14 July 1936. It carried on under Italian Fascism until 10 September 1943.
Notes
The infobox and lead agree on 14 July 1936 for the first issue and 10 September 1943 for the last. Wikidata gives 14 July 1936 as the start (unreferenced) and the year 1936 as the inception.
Officers and civilians from the conservative, monarchist and far right rose up on 17 and 18 July 1936, starting in Spanish Morocco and reaching mainland garrisons the next day. The coup succeeded in parts of the north, west and south but failed in Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.
Notes
The infobox gives 17 to 21 July 1936 and the lead gives 17 to 18 July 1936; Wikidata gives 17 July as the start and 20 July as the end.
The siege of the Montaña Barracks in Madrid lasted from 18 to 20 July 1936 and marked the failure of the uprising in the capital. Most of Madrid's security forces stayed loyal to the government and, with help from workers' militias, crushed the rising.
Military uprising in Seville at the start of the Spanish Civil War
War & conflict
A military uprising in Seville, led by General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano, began on 18 July 1936. The rebels quickly took the regional army command and some key units, but the Guardia de Asalto, which answered to the civil governor, resisted until later that day.
Notes
The infobox gives 18 to 22 July 1936 and a Nationalist victory, and the lead says Queipo was fully in control on 23 July. The lead says the command and key units fell without a shot, but the coup section puts the first shots between 3 and 4 pm, so that claim is not repeated.
The first Soviet Cup football tournament ran from 18 July to 28 August 1936, and Lokomotiv Moscow beat Dinamo Tbilisi 2-0 in the final.
Notes
The infobox gives only the year 1936 for the founding. The dates 18 July to 28 August come from the seasons table in the article body, so confidence is medium.
When the Spanish Civil War broke out, workers' organisations and social movements took over local power in the Republican zone. In Catalonia, an anarchist stronghold, workers ran as much as 75% of the economy.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 July 1936 as the start; the history section says the coup began on 17 July 1936. Wikidata gives only the year 1936.
· Barcelona, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Military uprising in Barcelona is defeated
War & conflict
On 19 July 1936 army units in Barcelona rebelled against the Republic. Anarchist militias and Assault Guards built barricades and fought them, the Civil Guard sided with the Republic, and the uprising ended the next day when the Drassanes barracks fell.
The garrison of Oviedo under Colonel Antonio Aranda Mata sided with the Nationalist uprising and was besieged from 19 July to 16 October 1936. It held out until a Nationalist force from Galicia relieved it.
Siege of Gijón begins in the opening weeks of the Spanish Civil War
War & conflictSome details uncertain
Soldiers and Guardia Civil officers under Antonio Pinilla joined the Nationalist rebels in Gijón, in Asturias, and were besieged by Republican militias armed mostly with dynamite. The siege lasted from 19 July to 16 August 1936 and ended in a Republican victory.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 19 July to 16 August 1936. The lead also says the defenders held out for just over a month, which is slightly longer than that span.
Montreux Convention on the Turkish Straits is signed
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Delegates signed the convention at the Montreux Palace in Switzerland on 20 July 1936. It sets the rules for ships passing the Bosporus and Dardanelles, with civilian vessels free to pass in peacetime and warships limited.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 20 July 1936 for signing; Wikidata also holds 21 July 1936 as an inception date. The convention took effect on 9 November 1936.
The Spanish general José Sanjurjo, a leading plotter of the July 1936 military coup, died in a plane crash at Estoril on 20 July 1936. He had led the earlier failed coup known as the Sanjurjada in August 1932.
Notes
The body places the death at Estoril; the infobox names Cascais, which is nearby. Wikidata gives Estoril, Portugal.
Nationalist troops seized Gipuzkoa, a northern province held by the Republic, in a campaign that ran from 20 July to 26 September 1936. Resistance collapsed on 3 September after heavy fighting.
On 21 July 1936 Popular Front militias began besieging the Alcázar of Toledo, a fortress held by military forces favouring the Nationalists. The siege ended on 27 September when Franco's Army of Africa reached the city.
· Sierra de Guadarrama, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Battle of Guadarrama in the Spanish Civil War
War & conflict
Emilio Mola sent Nationalist forces over the passes of the Sierra de Guadarrama in an attempt to reach Madrid from the north, in fighting between 22 July and 15 September 1936, and the Republicans stopped the advance.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 22 July to 15 September 1936. Wikidata gives 24 July 1936 as the start.
Georg Michaelis, who had been imperial chancellor of Germany for a few months in 1917, died in Bad Saarow on 24 July 1936. Real control during his time in office lay with the Supreme Army Command under Hindenburg.
First National Pictures, which began in 1917 as a group of independent theatre owners and grew into the biggest US theatre chain, was dissolved in July 1936. It had moved into making films in 1924.
Notes
The infobox 'defunct' field gives 12 July 1936, but the lead and the body say only July 1936, when stockholders voted to dissolve the company. 12 July 1936 was a Sunday, and the body cites a New York Times report dated 12 July 1936 ('Film Concern Dissolves'), so the infobox day may be the date of that report rather than of the dissolution. Wikidata gives only the year 1936. No second source gives the day, so the month is stored.
The Triborough Bridge, a complex of bridges and elevated viaducts linking Manhattan, Queens and the Bronx, opened on 11 July 1936. It was renamed the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge in 2008.
Notes
The infobox gives 11 July 1936 as the opening date, and Wikidata gives the same day.
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
Pope Pius XI creates the Archdiocese of Los Angeles
Religion & philosophy
On 11 July 1936 Pope Pius XI created the Archdiocese of Los Angeles by splitting the earlier Diocese of Los Angeles-San Diego. It covers Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.
Notes
The infobox and the history section give 11 July 1936.
The musical film Poor Little Rich Girl was released on 24 July 1936. Irving Cummings directed, and Shirley Temple, Alice Faye and Jack Haley played the leads.
Notes
The infobox gives 24 July 1936 as the release date. Wikidata also lists 6 March 1937 as another date, which the article does not support for the original release.
Anthony Adverse, an American historical epic directed by Mervyn LeRoy with Fredric March and Olivia de Havilland, was released in Los Angeles on 29 July 1936. Sheridan Gibney's script draws on Hervey Allen's 1933 novel of the same name.
Notes
The infobox gives a Los Angeles release on 29 July 1936 and a United States release on 29 August 1936. Wikidata gives only the year.
Mary of Scotland, directed by John Ford, opened in New York City on 30 July 1936 and reached the rest of the United States on 28 August. Katharine Hepburn plays Mary, Queen of Scots, opposite Fredric March as Bothwell.
Notes
The infobox gives two release dates, 30 July 1936 in New York City and 28 August 1936 in the United States as a whole. Wikidata gives only the year.
Colonel Seguí started the uprising in Melilla on 17 July 1936, a day ahead of the date set by Emilio Mola, after Republican officers there found out about the plot. The rebels arrested General Romerales and took the radio station.
Notes
The article's infobox gives 17 to 18 July 1936, and its section on the coup describes the Melilla rising starting on 17 July; the lead says only that resistance was crushed by 18 July. Wikidata also gives 17 July.
Tétouan is bombed on the first day of the Spanish Civil War
War & conflict
Aircraft loyal to the Spanish Republic bombed Tétouan in Morocco on 18 July 1936, hours after the rebellion began. The result of the raid was indecisive.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 18 July 1936, and the infobox places Tétouan in the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco.
· near Alfacar, Granada, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Federico García Lorca dies
LivesSome details uncertain
The poet, playwright and theatre director García Lorca was killed by Nationalist forces near Alfacar, Granada, in August 1936, early in the Spanish Civil War. He belonged to the Generation of '27 and rose to fame with Gypsy Ballads in 1928, poems about life in Andalusia.
Notes
The lead gives 18 August 1936 as the day of death, while the infobox and the section on his death give 19 August; Wikidata gives 19 August with 17 and 18 August as alternatives, so only the month is stored. The infobox places the death near Alfacar, Granada, and Wikidata says Víznar; the section on his death cites the author Ian Gibson placing the shooting at Fuente Grande, on the road between Víznar and Alfacar.
Badajoz massacre follows the Nationalist capture of the city
War & conflictSome details uncertain
After Nationalist forces took Badajoz on 14 August 1936, they murdered supporters of the Second Spanish Republic, both civilians and soldiers, in the days that followed. Estimates of the number of dead vary widely.
Notes
The lead says the killings happened in the days after the seizure of Badajoz on 14 August 1936, and the infobox gives August 1936. Wikidata gives 14 and 15 August 1936. The estimates of the dead vary, with the lead and infobox giving different ranges, so no number is used.
Jewish delegates founded the World Jewish Congress in Geneva in August 1936, in response to the rise of Nazism and a growing wave of antisemitism in Europe.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give August 1936 for the founding. Wikidata gives 13 August 1936.
The Games of the XI Olympiad ran in Berlin from 1 to 16 August 1936. The Nazi government used them for propaganda, and the American Jesse Owens won four gold medals.
Liechtenstein makes its Summer Olympics debut in Berlin
Sport
Liechtenstein made its Summer Olympics debut in Berlin, sending six men to five events across three sports. Its Olympic committee had been founded the year before.
Notes
The lead gives 1 to 16 August 1936, the span of the Games. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
The French aviator, inventor and engineer Louis Blériot died of a heart attack in Paris on 1 August 1936. He had first made money by manufacturing car headlamps and then spent it on building an aircraft.
Werner March designed Berlin's Olympiastadion for the Summer Games of 1936, and it opened on 1 August. Attendance during the Games was thought to exceed 100,000.
Notes
The infobox gives 1 August 1936 as the opening date, the day the Berlin Olympics opened.
· Badajoz Province, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Extremadura campaign of the Spanish Civil War
War & conflict
Nationalist troops of the Army of Africa under Colonel Juan Yagüe campaigned in Extremadura from 2 to 14 August 1936, ending with the Battle of Badajoz, after which Franco's troops moved fast towards Madrid.
Notes
The infobox gives 2 to 14 August 1936 and a Nationalist victory. Wikidata's main date gives only the year, while its start and end statements give 2 and 14 August 1936.
The 1936 men's tournament was the first Olympic football event since FIFA created the World Cup in 1930, and 16 teams were listed. Football had been missing in 1932 after FIFA and the IOC quarrelled over professionals and amateurs.
Notes
The infobox gives the dates as 3 to 15 August without a year; the Games were held in 1936. Wikidata gives 3 August 1936 as the start and 15 August 1936 as the end.
British India wins the Olympic field hockey gold in Berlin
Sport
The fifth Olympic field hockey tournament, for men only, ran from 4 to 15 August 1936 at the Hockey Stadion and an adjoining field. British India won the gold medal.
Gliding is shown as a demonstration sport at the Berlin Olympics
Sport
Gliding was shown as a demonstration sport at the 1936 Games on 4 August at Berlin-Staaken airfield, with 21 pilots from seven countries, including Germany's Hanna Reitsch. The IOC allowed no contest and no prizes.
Notes
The opening paragraphs of the article give 4 August for the demonstration at Berlin-Staaken and put the number of pilots at twenty-one, from seven countries. They say Stiefsohn was killed on the previous day, and that Rotter announced his Kiel flight on the evening of 10 August and flew it the next day.
Basketball makes its Olympic medal debut in Berlin
Sport
The first official Olympic basketball tournament ran from 7 to 14 August 1936, played outdoors on lawn and dirt tennis courts. The United States won gold, Canada silver and Mexico bronze.
· Almendralejo, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Fighting and massacre at Almendralejo
War & conflict
General Queipo de Llano's troops marched into Almendralejo on 7 August 1936 during the Nationalist drive north. Republican militiamen withdrew, and forty of them took shelter in the tower of the parish church.
Notes
The history section gives 7 August for the entry of the troops and says Republican resistance lasted until 15 August 1936; the Spanish edition gives the same span. The history section gives a rough toll of civilians killed, which is not used here. The article on the Extremadura campaign gives a different account, with about 100 militiamen in the church.
The battle at Sigüenza, north-east of Madrid, lasted from 7 August to 15 October 1936. Rebel troops, helped by heavy air raids, took the town, and 300 soldiers who had barricaded themselves inside the cathedral ran out shooting and were all killed.
Notes
The lead gives two figures for how long the cathedral was held: 20 days in one report and a week in another. It also says the town was reported taken on 9 October, that the government claimed to have retaken it on 11 October, and that the rebels then held it again.
Line 3 of the Madrid Metro opened to the public on 9 August 1936, in the middle of the Spanish Civil War, with a first section between two stations in the city. The line now has 19 stations.
Notes
The English history section and the Spanish edition give 9 August 1936 for the opening to the public, and Wikidata gives the same day; the English infobox gives 6 August 1936. The English history section says the line opened a few days before the Civil War began, which cannot be right because the war began in July 1936; the Spanish edition says it opened in the middle of the war. Confidence is medium because the infobox day differs.
Nottingham 1936 was a 15-player round-robin chess tournament held at the University of Nottingham from 10 to 28 August 1936. Among the players were five men who held the world title at some point: Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, Euwe and Botvinnik.
Republican militia twice failed to stop the Army of Africa near Mérida early in the war, and on 10 August 1936 the Nationalists drove the Republicans out of the city and held it the next day.
Baseball is played as a demonstration sport at the Berlin Olympics
Sport
Baseball was a demonstration sport again in Berlin after a 24-year absence, with a single exhibition match on 12 August 1936 at the Olympic Stadium before about 90,000 people. Both teams were American, and the World Champions beat the U.S. Olympics 6-5.
The Italian writer Grazia Deledda, born in Nuoro, Sardinia, died in Rome on 15 August 1936. She had won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature for writing that pictured life on her native Sardinia.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 15 August 1936. Wikidata also holds 16 August 1936 as an alternative date.
Republican forces made an amphibious landing on Mallorca in 1936, under the command of Captain Alberto Bayo, to drive the Nationalists from the island. It had some early tactical success but failed.
Notes
The infobox dates the battle 16 August to 12 September 1936. The section on the battle says the last Republican ship left Mallorca on 12 September, that the Mallorca garrison captured Ibiza on 19 September and that Formentera fell on the 20th.
Unofficial Chess Olympiad is held in Munich as a counterpart to the Berlin Games
Sport
The German Chess Federation organised an unofficial Chess Olympiad in Munich as a counterpart to the Berlin Games, running from 17 August to 1 September 1936. The 208 players came from 21 countries and played 1680 games.
· Sierra de Guadalupe, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Battle of the Sierra Guadalupe in the Spanish Civil War
War & conflictSome details uncertain
In mid to late August 1936 General Yagüe's Army of Africa sent three columns through the Sierra de Guadalupe, in a campaign also called the Tagus Campaign. They crossed the Tagus, captured several towns and routed the Republicans.
Notes
The infobox gives 17 to 31 August 1936 and the lead says mid to late August; Wikidata gives 17 August to 3 September 1936.
The Trial of the Sixteen ran in Moscow from 19 to 24 August 1936 and was the first of three show trials ordered by Stalin. Most defendants, among them Old Bolsheviks and senior secret-police officials, were accused of conspiracies against the state and executed.
Notes
The article gives the first trial as 19 to 24 August 1936; the lead places it only in August 1936.
Nationalist forces under Alfonso Beorlegui took the city of Irún between 19 August and 5 September 1936. This cut Gipuzkoa, Biscay, Santander and Asturias off from supplies arriving across the French border.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 August to 5 September 1936; the lead gives no dates. Wikidata places the battle in Bidasoaldea, while the infobox gives Gipuzkoa and the lead names the city of Irún.
Soviet trade union leader Mikhail Tomsky takes his own life
Lives
Mikhail Tomsky, a factory worker and trade unionist who became a Soviet politician and chaired the national trade union council in the 1920s, shot himself at his dacha in Bolshevo, near Moscow, on 22 August 1936. He had been accused during the first Moscow trial and expected arrest by the NKVD.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 22 August 1936, and the infobox gives Bolshevo, Moscow Oblast as the place; Wikidata gives Korolyov. The lead says he killed himself to avoid arrest by the NKVD, and the section on his demise (1928 to 1936) says he shot himself at his dacha in Bolshevo after being accused of terrorist connections during the trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev.
Grigory Zinoviev, a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and prominent Old Bolshevik, was executed on 25 August 1936 after a show trial, accused of treason during the Great Purge. Before 1917 he worked closely with Lenin and later held a leading place in the early Soviet government.
Notes
The lead gives 25 August 1936 as the death date. Wikidata gives Moscow as the place of death; it is not used here.
Britain and Egypt sign the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty in London
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
On 26 August 1936 Britain and the Kingdom of Egypt signed a treaty meant to last 20 years. British troops were to leave Egypt except those guarding the Suez Canal area.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 26 August 1936 for the signing; a later section gives 27 August 1936 for the signing, at the Foreign Office in London. Wikidata gives 26 August.
· Huesca Province, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Battle of Monte Pelado in the Spanish Civil War
War & conflict
A force of about 100 Italian anti-fascist volunteers held the hill of Monte Pelado, in Huesca province, against a larger and better-equipped Nationalist force on 28 August 1936. After four hours of resisting a head-on attack and flanking moves, they counterattacked.
· Glendale, California, United States · North America
Bob's Pantry, the first Big Boy restaurant, opens in Glendale
Economy & trade
Bob Wian opened Bob's Pantry in Glendale, California, on 6 August 1936. The restaurant grew into the Big Boy chain.
Notes
The infobox gives 6 August 1936 and Glendale, California. The history section dates the Bob's Pantry start only to 1936, and Wikidata gives only the year.
· Santa Monica, California, United States · North America
Robert Redford is born in Santa Monica
Lives
Charles Robert Redford Jr., later known as Robert Redford, was born in Santa Monica, California, on 18 August 1936. He became an actor, director and producer.
Notes
The infobox gives 18 August 1936 and Santa Monica, California, and the lead agrees on the date.
George Cukor directed this American film of Shakespeare's play, released on 20 August 1936, with Norma Shearer as Juliet and Leslie Howard as Romeo. John Barrymore, Basil Rathbone and Andy Devine appear in the supporting cast.
Notes
The infobox gives 20 August 1936 as the release date. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
Swing Time, an American musical comedy directed by George Stevens for RKO, was released in New York City on 27 August 1936. It is the sixth of ten films starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.
Notes
The infobox gives a New York City release on 27 August 1936 and a Los Angeles premiere on 22 September 1936; the body text does not explain how these two dates relate. Wikidata gives only the year.
The film The Gorgeous Hussy is first shown in Washington
Stage, music & film
The Gorgeous Hussy, directed by Clarence Brown with Joan Crawford and Robert Taylor in the leading roles, had its first showing on 27 August 1936 at Loew's Palace in Washington.
Notes
The infobox gives 27 August 1936 as the release date, and the release section says the premiere was held on that day.
· Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone (now Panama) · North America
John McCain is born in the Panama Canal Zone
Lives
John Sidney McCain III was born on 29 August 1936 at Coco Solo in the Panama Canal Zone. He graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1958 and flew as a naval aviator.
Notes
The infobox and lead agree on 29 August 1936. The infobox gives Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone, as the birth place.
On 26 August 1936 the Portuguese colonial government of Mozambique created DETA, an airline run as a division of the colony's Department of Railways, Harbours and Airways.
Notes
The infobox and the history section give 26 August 1936; the lead says August 1936. The articles do not name the town where the division was set up, so the place is given at colony level.
IS-LM economic model is introduced at a conference in Oxford
ScienceSome details uncertain
The IS-LM model, developed by John Hicks, was introduced at an Econometric Society conference in Oxford in September 1936. It links interest rates with total output over the short term.
Notes
The history section gives September 1936 for the Oxford conference; the lead says Hicks developed the model in 1937. Both dates appear in the article; the month of the conference is stored.
· Talavera de la Reina, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Battle of Talavera de la Reina
War & conflict
On 3 September 1936, as the Nationalists advanced on Madrid, Republican militias dug in on high ground above Talavera de la Reina hoping to block the road. Professional Nationalist troops defeated them, with heavy casualties on both sides.
The sixteenth UCI Road World Championships took place in Bern on 6 September 1936, with the amateurs racing in the morning and the professionals in the afternoon.
The honorary title People's Artist of the USSR was introduced in 1936 for performing artists. The first recipients were named on 6 September 1936, and the title replaced an earlier one, People's Artist of the Republic.
Notes
The body gives 6 September 1936 for the first recipients, and the title was introduced in 1936. The same English name covers two Russian titles, one for performing arts and one for visual arts.
France and Syria sign the Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
France and Syria signed the treaty, also known as the Viénot Accords, on 9 September 1936. It was negotiated to give Syria independence from French authority.
Notes
The infobox gives 9 September 1936 for the signing. The infobox photo caption shows the Syrian delegation signing the treaty in Paris, where the talks were held, and Wikidata also gives Paris.
Cambuur Stadion opened on 12 September 1936 on the east side of Leeuwarden, as the home ground of SC Cambuur. The club moved to the Kooi Stadion in 2024.
Notes
The infobox and the lead agree on 12 September 1936. Wikidata gives only the year.
Siege of the Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza begins
War & conflict
The siege began on 14 September 1936 and lasted until 1 May 1937. At the sanctuary near Andújar, Republican troops surrounded some 1,200 rebel civil guards and falangists and, after a long offensive, forced them to surrender, giving the Republic victory.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 14 September 1936 to 1 May 1937.
· at sea off Reykjavík, Kingdom of Iceland (now Iceland) · Europe
Polar explorer Jean-Baptiste Charcot dies at sea
Lives
The French scientist and medical doctor Jean-Baptiste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, died at sea about 30 miles northwest of Reykjavík on 16 September 1936. He was the son of the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot.
Notes
The infobox gives the death place as at sea 30 miles northwest of Reykjavík; Wikidata gives only Iceland.
The French chemist Henry Louis Le Chatelier died at Miribel-les-Échelles on 17 September 1936. He chose teaching over industry and held posts at the École des Mines, the Collège de France and the Sorbonne.
Tallinn Airport received its official opening on 20 September 1936, even though it had already been operating for a while. Construction had begun on 16 November 1931.
Notes
The history section gives 20 September 1936 for the official opening; the infobox gives only the year. The airport was operating before the official opening.
The French linguist Antoine Meillet, counted among the leading linguists of the early twentieth century, died at Châteaumeillant on 21 September 1936. He studied at the Sorbonne, where Michel Bréal and Ferdinand de Saussure influenced him.
Silvio Berlusconi was born in Milan on 29 September 1936. He built a media empire around Mediaset, and later led Italy's government three times.
Notes
The lead gives 29 September 1936 as the birth date and 12 June 2023 as the death date. The article's early-life section says he was born in the Isola district of Milan.
Dr Leslie Burgin of the Board of Trade officially opened Pinewood Studios on 30 September 1936. Herbert Wilcox became the first director to shoot there, completing London Melody with Anna Neagle.
Notes
The infobox and the history section both give 30 September 1936; the lead says only 1936.
The 56th US National Championships, now called the US Open, were played on grass at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York City, from 3 to 12 September 1936. It was the year's fourth Grand Slam.
The American screwball comedy My Man Godfrey, directed by Gregory La Cava, premiered on 6 September 1936 and reached general release on 17 September. A socialite hires a homeless man as her family's butler, then falls in love with him.
Notes
The infobox and the release section both give a premiere on 6 September 1936 and a United States release on 17 September 1936. The articles do not name the premiere venue.
· Santa Monica, California, United States · North America
Irving Thalberg dies
Lives
The American film producer Irving Thalberg, nicknamed The Boy Wonder for his youth and flair for picking scripts and casts, died in Santa Monica, California, on 14 September 1936. He had become head of production at MGM in 1925, aged twenty-six.
Dodsworth, an American drama directed by William Wyler, was released on 23 September 1936. Walter Huston repeated his stage role as a retired auto magnate on a European tour.
Notes
The infobox gives 23 September 1936 as the release date, and the body mentions a New York Times review in September 1936.
Chile plays its first international rugby against Argentina
SportSome details uncertain
In September 1936 the Chilean national rugby team played a two-game series against Argentina, its first international fixtures. The Chilean Rugby Federation had been founded the year before.
Notes
The sources differ. The infobox gives the first game as 20 September 1936 in Valparaíso, while the lead and history section place the two-game series in Santiago and give only September 1936. Wikidata gives 18 September 1936. Only the month is stored, at medium confidence.
Pontifical Bolivarian University is founded in Medellín
Science
The Archbishop of Medellín, Tiberio de Jesús Salazar y Herrera, founded the Pontifical Bolivarian University by decree on 15 September 1936, first naming it the Universidad Católica Bolivariana.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 1936; the history section gives 15 September 1936 and a decree by the Archbishop of Medellín.
· Hongkou, Shanghai International Settlement, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Japanese sailor Tomomitsu Taminato is shot dead in Shanghai
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
On 23 September 1936 gunmen shot three of four Japanese sailors from the warship Izumo as they walked along Haining Road in Shanghai's International Settlement. Tomomitsu Taminato was killed and the other two were seriously wounded. Amid growing anti-Japanese feeling, Japan quickly sent troops into the Hongkou district.
Notes
The English article on the Japanese community of Shanghai gives only the year 1936 and links the killing to rising anti-Japanese sentiment. The French and Japanese Wikipedia articles on the incident (opened) give 23 September 1936, as does Wikidata. Both describe the shooting of Izumo crewmen on Haining Road at about 20:20, in which Taminato died and two others were badly hurt. The French article adds that Japan put about 2,000 soldiers into Hongkou and gives the background attacks of 1935 and 1936, and the Japanese article says Chiang Kai-shek ordered his war minister on 24 September to prepare for war. Wikidata names the Republic of China as the country.
· Fernando Po, Spanish Guinea (now Equatorial Guinea) · Africa
Uprising on Fernando Po in Spanish Guinea during the Spanish Civil War
War & conflictSome details uncertain
On 19 September 1936 Lieutenant Colonel Luis Serrano Maranges, chief of the Colonial Guard, led an uprising on Fernando Po that overthrew the Republican governor-general in a bloodless coup.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 September to October 1936, with no end day. Wikidata gives only the year.
· Union Observatory, Union of South Africa (now South Africa) · Africa
Periodic comet 58P/Jackson-Neujmin is discovered
Science
Cyril Jackson at South Africa's Union Observatory found the comet now called 58P/Jackson-Neujmin on a plate exposed on 20 September 1936, and described it as faint and diffuse.
Notes
The infobox gives 20-21 September 1936 for the discovery because it names two discoverers, Jackson in South Africa and Neujmin in Crimea. The history section dates Jackson's find to 20 September and notes an earlier plate exposed on 9 September by Rigaux.
In 1936 Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg disbanded all defence associations in Austria, ending the Heimwehr, a nationalist, clerico-fascist group active since 1920. Most members were absorbed into the Fatherland Front and its Front Militia.
Notes
The infobox gives October 1936 for the dissolution, and the lead and final-years section give only 1936. The infobox also lists a founding date of May 1930, which differs from the May 1920 formation given in the infobox and origins section.
Earliest known public use of the term fifth column appears in Madrid
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The earliest public use of the term fifth column that has been found appeared on 3 October 1936 in Madrid's Communist daily Mundo Obrero. The term, for a group that undermines a larger group or nation from within, became popular in the Republican press and quickly spread abroad.
Notes
The text gives 3 October 1936 for the first identified public use, 30 September 1936 for a secret telegram using the term, and 28 October 1936 for a press conference at which Mola is said to have used it. By 28 October the term had already circulated in Republican newspapers for over three weeks. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
Battle of Cable Street: crowds block a fascist march in East London
Politics & diplomacy
On Sunday 4 October 1936 large crowds and anti-fascist groups tried to stop a march that Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists had planned through East London, home to many Jews. The Home Secretary had refused to ban it.
Notes
The infobox and lead both give 4 October 1936. The infobox lists the Public Order Act 1936 among the results.
Around 200 men from Jarrow walked to London between 5 and 31 October 1936 to protest against the unemployment and poverty that hit their English town in the 1930s. They called themselves Crusaders and carried a petition to the British government.
· Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) · Europe
Václav Havel is born in Prague
Lives
Václav Havel, born in Prague on 5 October 1936, first became known as a playwright whose absurdist works, such as The Garden Party, criticised communism.
Notes
The infobox gives Prague, Czechoslovakia, as the birth place and 5 October 1936 as the date; the lead gives the same date.
The Hungarian officer and politician Gyula Gömbös, prime minister from 1932 until his death, died in Munich on 6 October 1936 after a long illness, from testicular cancer.
· Nizhny Tagil, Soviet Union (now Russia) · Europe
Uralvagonzavod plant opens in Nizhny Tagil
Economy & trade
The Uralvagonzavod plant in Nizhny Tagil opened on 11 October 1936. Construction began in 1931 and ended in 1936, spanning much of the second Soviet five-year plan.
Notes
The infobox and the history section give 11 October 1936; the lead gives no date.
· Basque Country, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Basque Government adopts the Ikurrina as the region's flag
Politics & diplomacy
The Basque Government made the Ikurrina its flag in 1936, after the socialist counsellor Aznar proposed it. The flag shows a white cross over a green diagonal cross on a red field.
Notes
The infobox lists two adoption dates, 19 October 1936 and 18 December 1978 (the flag's later adoption by the Basque autonomous community), and gives no end date; Wikidata gives 19 October 1936, and the history section says only 1936 for the first adoption. The history section dates the later adoption to two years after the flag was legalised in 1977.
The ILO drafts a convention on seafarers' hours and ship manning
Politics & diplomacy
On 24 October 1936 the International Labour Organization drafted a convention on the working hours of seafarers and the manning of ships. It never entered into force.
Notes
The infobox gives 24 October 1936 as the draft date and no place, so none is stored; the region stands for the international organisation, not a confirmed location. The lead says only that it was established in 1936. The 1946, 1949 and 1958 revisions are listed in the revisions section.
On 29 October 1936 the Republican army attacked the Nationalist-held town of Seseña with newly arrived Soviet weapons. The assault did not succeed, so the Nationalist drive on Madrid went on.
· near Madrid, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Writer Ramiro de Maeztu is executed by Republican soldiers
Lives
The Spanish essayist, journalist and publicist Ramiro de Maeztu was executed by Republican soldiers near Madrid on 29 October 1936, early in the Spanish Civil War.
Notes
The infobox gives Madrid as the death place, the body says near Madrid, and Wikidata gives Aravaca.
Demolition begins for Rome's Via della Conciliazione
Architecture
On 29 October 1936 Mussolini struck the first building with a pickaxe to begin demolishing the spina of Borgo, and the work went on for twelve months. The new road was built between 1936 and 1950 to join Saint Peter's Square with the Castel Sant'Angelo.
Notes
The construction section gives 29 October 1936 for the first strike. The lead gives the construction span of 1936 to 1950. Wikidata gives only the year.
· Bystra, Second Polish Republic (now Poland) · Europe
Polish socialist leader Ignacy Daszyński dies
Lives
The Polish socialist politician and journalist Ignacy Daszyński died in Bystra on 31 October 1936. In 1892 he co-founded the Polish Social Democratic Party, a forerunner of the Polish Socialist Party.
Van Beuren's Rainbow Parade cartoons come to an end
Stage, music & film
Van Beuren Studios' Rainbow Parade series of animated shorts ended with the release of Toonerville Picnic on 2 October 1936. Production had stopped after Disney signed an exclusive deal with Van Beuren's distributor, RKO; staff were let go in May, and some cartoons were never made.
Notes
The history section says the final cartoons were distributed until October 1936, and the filmography table gives 2 October 1936 for the last release, Toonerville Picnic. Wikidata also gives 2 October 1936. The lead gives the span 1934 to 1936.
Libeled Lady, an American screwball comedy directed by Jack Conway with William Powell, Myrna Loy, Jean Harlow and Spencer Tracy in the leading roles, was released on 9 October 1936. Production ran from mid-July to 1 September 1936.
Notes
The infobox and the reception section both give 9 October 1936 as the release date. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
Anne Sullivan, later Anne Sullivan Macy, who taught Helen Keller and remained her lifelong companion, died in New York City on 20 October 1936. She had suffered a coronary thrombosis on 16 October and fallen into a coma.
The Charge of the Light Brigade, a Warner Bros. historical adventure directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, was released on 20 October 1936. The plot has only a very loose connection to the real charge in the Crimean War.
Notes
The infobox gives a United States release on 20 October 1936. Wikidata gives only the year.
Caltech researchers found the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
ScienceSome details uncertain
Researchers at Caltech founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1936, tracing its start to the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, where early US rocket experiments were carried out.
Notes
The infobox gives 31 October 1936 as the establishment date; the lead and history section give 1936.
· Madison Square Garden, New York City, United States · North America
Franklin D. Roosevelt speaks at Madison Square Garden
Politics & diplomacy
President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke at Madison Square Garden on 31 October 1936, three days before the presidential election. He promised to carry on the New Deal.
· Benares, Benares State, British India (now Varanasi, India) · Asia
Premchand dies
Lives
Premchand, the pen name of Dhanpat Rai Srivastava, died in Benares on 8 October 1936. He wrote Hindustani fiction, including more than a dozen novels and around 300 short stories, and pioneered social fiction in Hindi and Urdu.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 8 October 1936 and place the death in Benares; Wikidata proposes a place in the Zanzibar Islands, which does not match the article.
Lu Xun, the pen name of Zhou Shuren, a leading figure of modern Chinese literature, died in Shanghai on 19 October 1936. He wrote novels, essays, criticism, poems and translations in a sharp, satirical style.
Notes
The lead calls Diary of a Madman the first novel in vernacular Chinese, but the body calls it a short story, so that claim is left out.
Ahmet Tevfik Okday, the last Ottoman grand vizier, dies
Lives
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, the last person ever to serve as Ottoman grand vizier, died in Istanbul on 8 October 1936, aged 93. He was a diplomat and statesman of Crimean Tatar descent.
Notes
The lead and body give 8 October 1936 and place the death in Istanbul. Wikidata gives Üsküdar as the place.
Carstensz Expedition to the peaks of Dutch New Guinea
Exploration
In 1936 the Dutch trio of Colijn, Dozy and Wissel set out from Aika on 29 October for the Carstensz expedition and got back on 24 December. They climbed Ngga Pulu, then the highest peak of the Carstenzgebergte.
· Paracuellos del Jarama and Torrejón de Ardoz, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Paracuellos massacres: Republican forces kill prisoners outside Madrid
War & conflictSome details uncertain
Republican forces carried out a series of mass killings of prisoners near Madrid early in the Spanish Civil War, before and during the siege of the city. The victims were prisoners held to belong to or support the Nationalists.
Notes
The infobox gives November to December 1936. Wikidata gives 7 November 1936 as the start and 4 December 1936 as the end, and the article text does not give those days. The infobox places the killings at Paracuellos del Jarama and Torrejón de Ardoz; the death toll is disputed.
· Alexandra Palace, London, United Kingdom · Europe
BBC Television Service is launched
Technology
The BBC Television Service launched on 2 November 1936, with regular broadcasts starting at 3 pm from a converted part of Alexandra Palace in London. It is described as the first regular television service anywhere with high-resolution pictures.
Agatha Christie's Poirot mystery Cards on the Table first appeared in the UK on 2 November 1936 from the Collins Crime Club. Four detectives and four suspects play bridge at Mr Shaitana's house, and by the end of the evening he is found dead.
Notes
The infobox, lead and publication history agree on 2 November 1936; the publication list gives the Collins Crime Club of London.
The English physical chemist Thomas Martin Lowry died in Cambridge on 2 November 1936. He arrived at the acid-base theory that bears his name alongside Johannes Brønsted's, working independently of him.
· Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary (now Hungary) · Europe
Dezső Kosztolányi dies
Lives
The Hungarian writer, journalist and translator Dezső Kosztolányi died of cancer of the larynx in Budapest on 3 November 1936. He wrote in every literary genre, from poetry to essays to plays.
· Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
The Battle of Ciudad Universitaria is fought in Madrid
War & conflict
Fighting at Madrid's new university campus lasted from 15 to 23 November 1936 and was among the first battles of the Siege of Madrid. Republican defenders held, helped by the International Brigades and heavy Soviet equipment.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 15 to 23 November 1936 and a Republican victory.
José Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of the Falange Española, a Spanish national syndicalist party, was executed by firing squad in Alicante on 20 November 1936. He had been jailed before the war began and charged with plotting and rebelling against the Republic.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 20 November 1936. The infobox names the cause of death as execution by firing squad.
Anarchist leader Buenaventura Durruti dies of a gunshot wound in Madrid
Lives
Buenaventura Durruti, a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist who helped lead the anarchist movement before and during the Civil War, died in a Madrid hospital early on 20 November 1936, a day after he was shot on the Madrid front. Historians disagree whether enemy fire, friendly fire or treachery was to blame.
Notes
The infobox gives the cause as killed in action. The lead says he was fatally wounded by a gunshot on 19 November while fighting in the Casa de Campo, but the section on his death says he went to the front after hearing of problems at the Hospital Clínico and was shot when he got out of his car there; the separate article on his death and funeral also places the fighting at the Hospital Clínico in University City, with some accounts putting the shot at the Plaza de la Moncloa. Because the place of the shooting differs, the summary says only the Madrid front. The articles agree that he died in his column's hospital at the Ritz Hotel at 04:00 on 20 November 1936, and that who fired is disputed.
On 25 November 1936 Joachim von Ribbentrop and the Japanese ambassador Kintomo Mushanokoji signed in Berlin a pact directed against the Communist International. Italy joined in 1937.
Notes
The infobox lists 23 October 1936 as the drafting date and 25 November 1936 as the signing date.
The Greek arms dealer and industrialist Basil Zaharoff died in Monte Carlo on 27 November 1936. He was among the richest men in the world in his lifetime.
Fire destroyed the Crystal Palace on the evening of 30 November 1936, leaving only its two water towers standing. Joseph Paxton had designed the cast iron and plate glass building for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in Hyde Park, and it was later moved to Sydenham Hill in south London.
Notes
The infobox gives 30 November 1936 as the destruction date, and the history section describes the fire on the evening of that day.
IHL and Can-Am League begin joint play, forerunner of the American Hockey League
SportSome details uncertain
In November 1936 the eight surviving clubs of two struggling leagues began joint play in a new two-division circuit called the International-American Hockey League.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 for the interlocking schedules and 1938 for the formal merger of the International Hockey League and the Canadian-American Hockey League. The history section dates the start of joint play to November 1936. The places of the member clubs span the United States and Canada, so no single place is given.
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was established on 2 November 1936, replacing the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission as the public broadcaster. It runs services in English and French through CBC and Radio-Canada.
Notes
The infobox gives 2 November 1936 for radio and 6 September 1952 for television.
On 3 November 1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt and John Nance Garner defeated the Republicans Alf Landon and Frank Knox, carrying every state except Maine and Vermont. Roosevelt took 523 of the 531 electoral votes.
Come and Get It, an American lumberjack drama directed by Howard Hawks and William Wyler, was released on 6 November 1936. The script by Jane Murfin and Jules Furthman adapts Edna Ferber's novel of the same title, published in 1935.
Notes
The infobox gives 6 November 1936 as the release date. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
Tarzan Escapes came out on 6 November 1936. It was the third MGM Tarzan film with Johnny Weissmuller, after Tarzan the Ape Man and Tarzan and His Mate.
Notes
The infobox gives 6 November 1936 as the release date. Wikidata gives only the year.
· San Francisco Bay, California, United States · North America
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opens
Architecture
The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opened on Thursday 12 November 1936. Charles H. Purcell designed it, the American Bridge Company built it, and construction had begun in 1933.
The Technicolor film The Garden of Allah is released
Stage, music & film
Richard Boleslawski directed The Garden of Allah, an American adventure romance made by the producer David O. Selznick and released on 19 November 1936. Marlene Dietrich and Charles Boyer star, in a story based on Robert S. Hichens's 1904 novel.
Notes
The infobox gives 19 November 1936 as the release date. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
The Globe and The Mail and Empire merge into The Globe and Mail
Art & literature
The Globe, founded in 1844, merged with The Mail and Empire on 23 November 1936 to form The Globe and Mail. The Mail and Empire was itself made in 1895 out of The Toronto Mail and The Empire.
Notes
The history section gives 23 November 1936, while the lead says only 1936. The infobox founding date of 5 March 1844 belongs to The Globe, a predecessor. Toronto is taken from the article's category list for the newspaper; no source says where the merger was signed.
First Social Security numbers are issued in the United States
Everyday life
On 24 November 1936 selected post offices became typing centers that typed the Social Security cards, which were then sent on to Washington, D.C. The Social Security Administration first handed out numbers that month under the New Deal.
Notes
The infobox gives 24 November 1936 as the start date, and the history section dates the first typing centers to the same day; Wikidata gives only November 1936.
PLUNA, the Uruguayan national airline, begins operating
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
PLUNA, the national airline of Uruguay, began operating on 19 November 1936, having been established in September that year.
Notes
The English infobox gives September 1936 for founding and 19 November 1936 for the start of operations. The English history section calls November the month after founding, which does not fit September. Wikidata and the Spanish edition give 20 November 1936 as the founding day, and the German edition gives September 1936 for founding, so 19 November is kept with medium confidence.
Duan Qirui, a Chinese general and statesman who dominated the Beijing government in the late 1910s, died in Shanghai on 2 November 1936. He served four times as premier of China between 1913 and 1918.
Notes
The infobox gives Shanghai as the death place; Wikidata also gives Shanghai.
· Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Empire of Japan (now Japan) · Asia
National Diet Building in Tokyo is completed
Architecture
Tokyo's National Diet Building, originally called the Imperial Parliament Building, was finished on 7 November 1936 after construction that ran from 1920.
Notes
The infobox gives 7 November 1936 as the completion date, and the lead says the building was completed in 1936. The body says it was built between 1920 and 1936.
Remarque's Three Comrades first appears, in Danish
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Remarque's novel Three Comrades, written in exile, reached readers first in a Danish translation in December 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives December 1936 for the Danish translation, and the lead says it was a 1936 novel first published in Danish. The articles do not name the Danish publisher or city, so no place is given.
· Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania (now Romania) · Europe
Bucharest unveils its stone Arcul de Triumf
Architecture
The stone Arcul de Triumf in Bucharest was inaugurated on 1 December 1936. Petre Antonescu, who had designed an earlier arch of concrete and plaster on the same site in 1922, also designed this stone replacement.
Notes
The infobox and the history section both give 1 December 1936. The lead says the monument was built in 1921-22 and renovated in 1935-36. The history section says an earlier wooden arch was put up after the 1878 independence, that Antonescu's 1922 arch had a concrete skeleton and plaster exterior, and that the decayed exterior was replaced from 1935 by the stone design inaugurated in 1936.
Alfred Hitchcock's British spy thriller Sabotage had a trade preview in London on 2 December 1936. Its story is loosely adapted from Conrad's novel The Secret Agent of 1907, and in the United States it was released as The Woman Alone.
Notes
The infobox lists a London trade preview on 2 December 1936, a United States release on 11 January 1937 and a United Kingdom release on 8 February 1937. Wikidata gives the 1936 date as its main date and lists both 1937 dates as alternatives.
· Stalingrad Oblast, Soviet Union (now Russia) · Europe
Stalingrad Oblast is established
Politics & diplomacy
Stalingrad Oblast came into being on 5 December 1936 out of the former Stalingrad Krai. It took the name Volgograd Oblast in 1961, when the city was renamed during de-Stalinization.
The Congress of Soviets adopted a new constitution on 5 December 1936, drafted by a commission of 31 members chaired by Stalin. It promised universal direct voting and a right to work.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 5 December 1936. Wikidata also holds 6 December 1936 as a publication date.
The 1936 Constitution replaces the 1924 Soviet Constitution
Politics & diplomacy
The Soviet Union's 1924 Constitution, adopted on 31 January 1924 and revised through six editions, was replaced by a new constitution on 5 December 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives 31 January 1924 as the date the constitution took effect and 5 December 1936 as its repeal. The section on the history of the constitution calls it the first constitution of the Soviet Union, says it gave legal force to the treaty of December 1922 that created the USSR, and says it went through six editions before the 1936 Constitution replaced it.
Former Swedish Prime Minister Arvid Lindman dies in a plane crash
Lives
The Swedish naval officer and statesman Arvid Lindman was killed when an aircraft crashed near Croydon Airport in London on 9 December 1936. He had headed the Swedish government twice, in 1906-1911 and 1928-1930.
Notes
The lead says he led the General Electoral League from 1912, while the body says 1913; this does not affect the date of death. The infobox gives Croydon as the death place, and the body names Croydon Airport.
Autogyro inventor Juan de la Cierva dies in an airliner crash
Lives
The Spanish civil engineer and pilot Juan de la Cierva, inventor of the Autogiro, died in the crash of a Dutch KLM DC-2 that he had boarded at Croydon, bound for Amsterdam, on 9 December 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives Croydon as the death place; Wikidata names Croydon Airport.
A KLM airliner on a scheduled flight to Amsterdam crashed soon after taking off from Croydon Air Port on 9 December 1936. Fifteen of the 17 people on board died.
King Edward VIII signed his abdication papers at Fort Belvedere on 10 December 1936, with his three brothers as witnesses, after the British and Dominion governments objected to his plan to marry Wallis Simpson. His brother Albert became King George VI.
Notes
The lead places the abdication in December 1936; a later section and the infobox caption give 10 December 1936 for the signing. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
The Italian writer Luigi Pirandello, author of novels, poems, stories and above all plays, died alone at his home on Via Bosio in Rome on 10 December 1936. He had won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature.
· northwest of Madrid, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Second Battle of the Corunna Road near Madrid
War & conflict
The fighting northwest of Madrid ran between 13 December 1936 and 15 January 1937, as Nationalist forces attacked hoping to sever the Corunna Road and cut Madrid off. A Republican counteroffensive stopped the advance.
· Córdoba Province, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Aceituna Campaign, a Nationalist offensive in Córdoba province
War & conflict
In December 1936 Queipo de Llano launched a Nationalist offensive across Córdoba province to seize the olive-growing area around Andújar and relieve besieged civil guards.
Notes
The infobox gives 13 to 31 December 1936 and a Nationalist victory, while the lead says the Nationalists failed to take Andújar.
Helsinki-Malmi Airport opened on 16 December 1936 at Tattarisuo in the township of Malmi, as Helsinki's first land airport. It served as the main airport for the city and for Finland until Helsinki-Vantaa opened in 1952.
Notes
The infobox gives 16 December 1936, the history section says December 1936, and the lead says only 1936.
King Gustaf V opens the Court of Appeal for Northern Norrland
Politics & diplomacy
King Gustaf V opened the Court of Appeal for Northern Norrland on 16 December 1936. Its seat is in Umeå, and its district covers Västerbotten and Norrbotten counties.
Notes
The history section gives 16 December 1936 for the inauguration, and the infobox gives 1936 as the year established.
· Zagreb, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Croatia) · Europe
Andrija Mohorovičić dies
Lives
The Croatian geophysicist and academic Andrija Mohorovičić died in Zagreb on 18 December 1936 and was buried at Mirogoj cemetery. He is thought of as one of the founders of modern seismology.
Engineer and inventor Leonardo Torres Quevedo dies
Lives
The Spanish civil engineer, mathematician and inventor Leonardo Torres Quevedo died in Madrid on 18 December 1936. His innovations covered aerial trams, airships, catamarans and remote control.
The Soviet socialist realist writer Nikolai Ostrovsky, best known for the novel How the Steel Was Tempered, died in Moscow on 22 December 1936 at the age of 32. He had lived for years with paralysis, illness and blindness.
The German philosopher, psychologist and musicologist Carl Stumpf, founder of the Berlin School of experimental psychology, died in Berlin on 25 December 1936.
From 27 to 29 December 1936, during the Nationalist Aceituna offensive, the XIV International Brigade attacked the Nationalist-held town of Lopera. The assault failed within two days and the Brigade suffered terrible casualties.
The German officer Hans von Seeckt, nicknamed The Sphinx, died in Berlin on 27 December 1936. He led the German Army as its commander in chief from 1920, resigning in October 1926, and he reorganised it, shaping its doctrine, tactics and training.
· Salamanca, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
Miguel de Unamuno dies
Lives
The Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright and philosopher Miguel de Unamuno died in Salamanca on 31 December 1936. He twice led the University of Salamanca as its rector, from 1900 to 1924 and from 1930 to 1936.
The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer romance Camille, directed by George Cukor and based on Dumas fils's La dame aux camélias, had its world premiere on 12 December 1936 at the newly built Plaza Theatre in Palm Springs, California. Greta Garbo and Robert Taylor starred.
· West Palm Beach, Florida, United States · North America
Morrison Field, the future Palm Beach International Airport, is dedicated
Architecture
Morrison Field, just west of West Palm Beach, Florida, was officially dedicated on 19 December 1936. The airport later became Palm Beach International Airport and, from July 2026, President Donald J. Trump International Airport.
Notes
The infobox and the history section both give 19 December 1936. The lead says the airport was formerly Palm Beach International Airport and that its present name took effect on 9 July 2026.
W. S. Van Dyke directed After the Thin Man, a comedy mystery released on 25 December 1936 as a follow-up to the 1934 film The Thin Man. William Powell and Myrna Loy play Nick and Nora Charles, Dashiell Hammett's detective couple, with James Stewart also in the cast.
Notes
The infobox gives 25 December 1936 as the release date. The articles do not name a premiere venue, so no place is given.
Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the future Pope Francis, is born
Lives
The future Pope Francis was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in the Flores district of Buenos Aires on 17 December 1936, into a family of Italian origin. He joined the Jesuits in 1958 and was ordained a priest in 1969.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 17 December 1936 as the birth date. The early-life section says he was born in Flores, a neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, which matches Wikidata.
By government decree of 21 December 1936, under President David Toro, Bolivia created the state oil company YPFB. It handles exploration, refining, distribution and sale of oil and natural gas.
China's Kuomintang and Communists form the Second United Front
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party joined against the Japanese invasion in an alliance known as the Second United Front, which paused the Chinese Civil War. It followed the Xi'an Incident of 12 December 1936, when Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng seized Chiang Kai-shek to press for a truce.
Notes
The sources differ on the start. The English infobox gives 24 December 1936, with a note asking for a better source, and Wikidata repeats that day. The English lead says the front suspended the civil war from 1937 to 1945, and the French edition says it became effective in July 1937 with the start of open war against Japan. The English background section and the German edition place the agreement after the Xi'an Incident of 12 December 1936, at the end of 1936. Only the month is stored, at low confidence. The New Fourth Army Incident of January 1941 is described in the English article's section on the breakdown and aftermath of the front. The English infobox gives 7 March 1947 as the end.
· Chahar and Suiyuan, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Inner Mongolian campaign ends with a Chinese victory in Suiyuan
War & conflictSome details uncertain
Japan used proxy armies to push into Chahar and Suiyuan in a campaign that ran from April 1933 to December 1936, before the Second Sino-Japanese War formally began. It ended in a Chinese victory in Suiyuan, where forces under Fu Zuoyi repelled the Japanese-backed Inner Mongolian attack in November and December 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives only the month, December 1936, for the end of the whole campaign, and lists a Japanese victory in 1933 and a Chinese victory in 1936. The text dates the start of the invasion of Suiyuan to 14 November 1936 and says Wang Ying's final counterattack failed on 19 December. The separate Suiyuan campaign article (opened) says the invasion began in October 1936 with first contact at Hongort on 14 November, and its infobox runs from 20 October to 19 December 1936 with a Chinese victory, so the two articles differ on the start. Only the month of the end is stored.
· Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union (now Kazakhstan) · Asia
Kazakh SSR becomes a union republic
Politics & diplomacy
On 5 December 1936 the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was raised in rank and became the Kazakh SSR, a union republic, with Alma-Ata, now Almaty, as its capital. It stayed a constituent republic until 1991.
· Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union (now Kazakhstan) · Asia
The Communist Party of Kazakhstan is founded
Politics & diplomacy
The Communist Party of Kazakhstan was founded on 5 December 1936, as the republic gained the status of a Union Republic. It began as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kazakhstan and was the only legal party in the Kazakh SSR.
Notes
The infobox gives 5 December 1936, and the origin section gives 1936. Wikidata gives the year 1936 and also lists 23 April 1937, the day the first secretary took office.
Chiang Kai-shek is taken prisoner in the Xi'an Incident
Politics & diplomacy
In December 1936 Chiang Kai-shek was held captive in Xi'an by two of his own generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who demanded an end to the civil war and a joint stand with the Communists against Japan. The crisis lasted until 26 December.
· Jabal al-Druze, French Mandate of Syria (now Syria) · Middle East
Jabal Druze State is incorporated into Syria
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Jabal al-Druze, a self-governing state inside the French Mandate of Syria from 1921 that gave the local Druze population a government under French oversight, was incorporated into Syria on 2 December 1936.
Notes
The infobox gives 9 September 1936 as the end of the state; that is the date on which the Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence was signed (its own infobox gives 9 September 1936), and its article says the treaty guaranteed the incorporation of the Druze and Alawite regions into Syria. The lead and history give 1936 for the end, and the list of governors ends on 2 December 1936. The French edition dates the incorporation into mandatory Syria to 2 December 1936, as does Wikidata (unreferenced), so that day is stored at medium confidence. The infobox lists 4 March 1922 and 1 June 1927 as earlier events.
· Alawite State, French Mandate of Syria (now Syria) · Middle East
The Alawite State is incorporated into the Syrian Republic
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The Alawite State, a territory under French mandate along the coast of what is now Syria, was incorporated into the Syrian Republic on 3 December 1936, a step that took effect in 1937.
Notes
The dissolution section says the state was incorporated into the Syrian Republic on 3 December 1936, taking effect in 1937, and the infobox gives 3 December as the end date. The list of governors ends on 5 December 1936 and the French edition gives 5 December, so confidence stays medium. Wikidata gives only the year.
Palestine Symphony Orchestra gives its first concert in Tel Aviv
Stage, music & film
The Palestine Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1936 by the violinist Bronisław Huberman, gave its opening concert in Tel Aviv on 26 December 1936 with Arturo Toscanini conducting. It arose as many Jewish musicians were being dismissed from European orchestras.
Notes
The infobox gives 26 December 1936 as the founding date and the history section dates the inaugural concert to the same day; the lead gives no date.
The Turkish poet, writer, academic and politician Mehmet Âkif Ersoy died in Istanbul on 27 December 1936, and his funeral was held the next day. He wrote the words of the Turkish National Anthem.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 27 December 1936 and place the death in Istanbul. Wikidata gives the place as Moldova, which does not match the article.
A ring-shaped solar eclipse, with a magnitude of 0.9349, crossed the sky on 13 and 14 December 1936.
Notes
Greatest eclipse fell at about 23:28 UTC on 13 December, so the UTC date is 13 December. Local dates in Australia and New Zealand were 14 December, as the lead says. The path was mostly over open ocean, so the place is given as the two countries where annularity was seen on land.
Events we can place in 1936 but not in a particular month.
Europe 59
· Soviet Union · Europe
Great Purge begins in the Soviet Union
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
From 1936 the Soviet state under Stalin ran a campaign of political repression, with the secret police removing party leaders, Old Bolsheviks and officials. Victims were shot or sent to labour camps.
Notes
The infobox gives a main phase from 9 March 1936; the lead says 1936 to 1939 and puts the peak between September 1936 and August 1938. Wikidata gives August 1936. The sources differ on the start, so only the year is stored.
In 1936 Alan Turing invented the Turing machine, which he called an automatic machine or a-machine. It is an abstract mathematical model that rewrites symbols on a tape following a table of rules.
Notes
The text says the machine was invented in 1936 and refers to Turing's original paper as 1936 to 1937. Only the year is stored.
Nationalist armies under General Franco besieged the Republican-held capital for two and a half years, until Madrid fell on 28 March 1939. The fiercest fighting around the city came in the Battle of Madrid in November 1936.
Notes
The lead says Madrid was besieged from October 1936, while the infobox gives 8 November 1936 for the start of the siege and of the Nationalist assault. Wikidata gives 8 November 1936. Because the sources differ, only the year is stored.
White Terror: Nationalist repression begins in Spain
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The Nationalists carried out political repression and mass violence against dissidents, starting in 1936 and executing people seen as enemies of the state as soon as they captured territory. It continued through the Civil War and the first nine years of Franco's regime.
Notes
The lead gives 1936 to 1945 for the repression, while the infobox gives 1936 to 1947. Wikidata gives 17 July 1936 as the start. The year of the start, 1936, is stored.
Foreign powers react to the Spanish Civil War, including non-intervention
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Italy and Germany gave the Nationalists money, munitions and troops, Portugal assisted them to a lesser degree, and the Soviet Union and, less so, Mexico aided the Republicans.
Notes
The article covers the whole war and gives dated steps within 1936 (27 July, 3 August and 9 September) but no single date for the response as a whole, so only the year is stored.
· Barcelona, Spanish Republic (now Spain) · Europe
People's Olympiad is planned in Barcelona as an anti-Nazi alternative to Berlin
SportSome details uncertain
Barcelona was due to host the People's Olympiad in 1936, a multi-sport anti-fascist protest against the Berlin Games, backed by the Soviet Union and the Communist International. It was never held because the Spanish Civil War broke out.
Notes
The lead says the event was planned for 1936 and was never held because the Spanish Civil War began; no day is given in the text. Wikidata gives 19 July 1936 as the start and 26 July 1936 as the end, which the article text does not state.
At the 1936 congress of mathematicians in Oslo, Lars Ahlfors of Finland and Jesse Douglas of the United States received the first Fields Medals.
Notes
The article gives 1936 for the first award and Oslo as the congress location for that year; no day is stated. Wikidata gives the year 1936 and a place in Berlin, which does not match the article's Oslo.
Athletes from 43 countries competed in Berlin across 29 athletics events, with women entering six of them and men the other 23. The programme matched that of the previous Games.
Notes
The article gives the year for the athletics programme but no day-by-day dates. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
Berlin was India's sixth appearance at the Summer Games. Its one gold medal came in field hockey, and it ranked 20th among the 32 national Olympic committees that took part.
Notes
Stored at year precision; Wikidata gives the year 1936.
International Brigades form to fight for the Spanish Republic
War & conflictSome details uncertain
The Communist International organised volunteer soldiers in support of the Spanish Republic's Popular Front government. Their headquarters was the Gran Hotel in Albacete, where the first group of 500 volunteers arrived on 14 October 1936.
Notes
The article places the idea in August 1936, the formal approach to the Comintern in September 1936, and the arrival of the first volunteers at Albacete on 14 October 1936. Wikidata gives 18 September 1936. The sources give no single founding day, so only the year is stored.
Germany forms the Condor Legion for the Spanish Civil War
War & conflictSome details uncertain
The Condor Legion was a Nazi German force of air and army personnel that served the Spanish Nationalists. Late in 1936 Faupel urged forming a single large German unit for Spain.
Notes
The infobox gives July 1936 to March 1939 for the unit's existence, while the body describes the proposal for a single German unit in November and December 1936. Wikidata gives the year 1936. Only the year is stored.
Konrad Zuse starts work on the Z1 mechanical computer
TechnologySome details uncertain
In 1936 Konrad Zuse left his job in aircraft construction to build the Z1 in his parents' home, working on it until 1938. The machine was a binary, motor-driven mechanical calculator that took its instructions from punched film.
Notes
The lead gives 1936 to 1938 for building the machine and the infobox gives 1938 as the release year. The article names no city for the parents' home.
Hergé's The Blue Lotus, the fifth instalment of The Adventures of Tintin, was published as a collected volume by Casterman in 1936. It had run weekly in the children's supplement of a conservative Belgian newspaper from August 1934 to October 1935.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1936 for the first collected volume (black and white), with a colour edition in 1946; no month or day is given. The serial ran from 9 August 1934 to 17 October 1935.
French nationalist league Croix-de-Feu is dissolved
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
The Croix-de-Feu, a nationalist French league between the wars led by Colonel François de la Rocque, was dissolved in 1936 under the Popular Front government, like all other leagues.
Notes
The infobox gives 10 January 1936 for the dissolution, while the history section says the Popular Front government dissolved it on 18 June 1936 and the lead places it in the Popular Front period of 1936 to 1938. Because the dates disagree, only the year is stored.
· Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) · Europe
Karel Čapek's War with the Newts is published
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Karel Čapek's satirical science-fiction novel Válka s Mloky (War with the Newts) appeared in 1936. It imagines intelligent newts discovered in the Indian Ocean and then enslaved and exploited.
Notes
The lead and infobox give only the year 1936 for publication; the infobox names Fr. Borový of Prague as the publisher. Wikidata gives only the year.
Raven's Progressive Matrices intelligence test is developed
ScienceSome details uncertain
John C. Raven and Lionel Penrose developed the original version of the test in 1936. It is a non-verbal test of abstract reasoning and fluid intelligence in which the test-taker finds the missing piece that completes a pattern.
Notes
The lead dates the original development to 1936; no day or month is given. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
The Wellcome Trust, a charitable foundation for health research based in London, was established in 1936 using funds from legacies left by the pharmaceutical magnate Henry Wellcome.
Nazi Germany launches the Four Year Plan under Hermann Göring
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
In 1936 Hitler began the Four Year Plan and put Hermann Göring in charge, with powers that cut across several ministries. Its main aim was to rearm Germany and make it self-sufficient within four years.
Notes
The lead dates the plan's start to 1936 and its aim to the years 1936 to 1940; a May 1936 memorandum is mentioned in the body. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
Albert Camus worked on the novel A Happy Death between 1936 and 1938, then chose not to publish it. It finally appeared in 1971, over eleven years after his death.
Notes
The lead gives 1936 to 1938 for the writing and gives no place or month. The infobox gives 1971 as the first publication and 1972 for the English translation. The region is the author's country, France; the article does not say where it was written.
The Cinémathèque Française, a non-profit film body with one of the world's biggest archives of film documents and objects, was founded in Paris in 1936.
Notes
The lead and infobox give only the year 1936. Wikidata gives 2 September 1936, but the article does not confirm that day.
Pope Pius XI re-founds the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
ScienceSome details uncertain
In 1936 Pope Pius XI re-established the Pontifical Academy of Sciences under its current name, setting out his reasons in a papal document called In multis solaciis.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give only the year 1936. The presidents' table gives 28 October 1936 for Gemelli's start as president, which is not stated to be the founding date.
· Marienbad, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) · Europe
Jacques Lacan outlines the mirror stage at a congress in Marienbad
ScienceSome details uncertain
At the Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical Congress in Marienbad in 1936, Jacques Lacan outlined the mirror stage, which he first proposed as a phase of infant development between 6 and 18 months of age.
Notes
The lead dates the first outline of the concept to the 1936 congress; no day is given. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
The Farman aircraft company ends as France nationalises its aviation industry
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
The Farman brothers built aircraft and engines from 1908 until 1936. That year the firm's assets passed to the state-owned SNCAC when French aircraft manufacturing was nationalised.
Notes
The lead and infobox give only the year 1936. The infobox names SNCAC as the successor.
1936 European Figure Skating Championships in Berlin
SportSome details uncertain
The 1936 European Figure Skating Championships in Berlin covered men's, ladies' and pair skating, with skaters from European ISU member nations and from Japan.
Notes
The article text read here gives no days or month for the event, only the year 1936 and the 1935-36 skating season.
· Kerkini, Kingdom of Greece (now Greece) · Europe
Construction of the Metaxas Line begins in Greece
TechnologySome details uncertain
Building of the Metaxas Line, a chain of fortifications along the Greek-Bulgarian border, started at Kerkini in 1936, after designs were prepared in 1935. It was meant to protect Greece against a Bulgarian invasion after Bulgaria rearmed.
Notes
The history section gives only the year 1936 for the start of work, and the infobox gives 1936-1941 as the building period.
Olimpia Milano wins its first Italian basketball title
SportSome details uncertain
Tradition dates the birth of Olimpia Milano to 1936, the year the Borletti-sponsored team won its first Italian League title. It went on to win four straight Italian titles from 1936 to 1939.
Notes
The history section dates the club's birth by tradition to 1936, when it won its first Italian title, while the infobox and lead give 1930 as the founding year (named Borletti Milano until 1955). The year 1936 is stored for the first title; no month or day appears.
The American Forrest Mars Sr. produced the first Maltesers at the company's factory in Slough in 1936, and they went on sale the following year. Each is a ball of malted milk covered in milk chocolate.
Notes
The history section gives 1936 for the creation and 1937 for the first sale, and the infobox and lead give 1937 as the launch year, so the year stored is the creation year.
The lightly carbonated French citrus drink Orangina was introduced in 1936. A Spanish pharmacist, Agustín Trigo Miralles, had invented it in the early 1930s under the name Naranjina.
Notes
The year is disputed. The infobox and Wikidata give 1936, and French Wikipedia says Orangina was created in 1936 by Léon Beton (with a note that one magazine gives 1935). The English history section, however, dates the Marseille trade fair meeting of Beton and Agustín Trigo to 1935 and says the first bottle was launched in France 'the same year', which reads as 1935, and the English categories file the drink under 1935; French Wikipedia also cites press adverts using the name Orangina in 1935. 1936 is kept at medium confidence. The English text says the first bottle was launched in France while French Wikipedia describes Beton as an orange-grove owner in Algeria, so no place is stored; the region is the drink's country, France.
Sergei Simonov designed the AVS-36, a Soviet automatic rifle whose name points to its 1936 model year. It could fire both semi-automatically and fully automatically, and it was formally adopted for military service.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 as the design date and 1936 to 1953 as the service period. The article gives no month or day, and says exact production figures for 1936 are not reported.
The Order of St Patrick makes its last appointment
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Britain's order of chivalry associated with Ireland made its final appointment in 1936, when Prince Albert, Duke of York, later George VI, joined it. After regular creation of knights ended, only three people were appointed, all royal princes.
Notes
The infobox and the history section give only the year 1936. The infobox says the order has been dormant since 1974.
In 1936 the Ulm firm Magirus, maker of trucks, buses and fire-fighting equipment, merged with Humboldt-Deutz Motorenfabrik. It later became part of Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz, and its trucks carried the Magirus-Deutz name.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 as the year the original company, Magirus Kommanditist, ended, and the timeline gives 1936 for the merger. The timeline gives 1864 for the founding while the infobox gives 1866.
The owner of the Polish chocolate maker E. Wedel invented the original ptasie mleczko, or bird's milk, in 1936. It is a small chocolate-coated bar with a soft, marshmallow-like centre.
Notes
The lead and history section give only the year 1936. The infobox lists Vladimir Guralnik as the creator of the Soviet cake.
· Cantù, Lombardy, Kingdom of Italy (now Italy) · Europe
Pallacanestro Cantù is founded
SportSome details uncertain
The basketball club Pallacanestro Cantù was founded in 1936 in Cantù, Lombardy, as Associazione Pallacanestro Cantù. Mario Broggi and Angiolino Polli gave the push that led to its creation.
Notes
The infobox and the history section give only the year 1936. The infobox lists the club's names: Associazione Pallacanestro Cantù from 1936 to 1940, then Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro Cantù to 1948.
Britain creates the Carnegie Medal for children's books
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
In 1936 the Library Association set up the Carnegie Medal, an annual British prize for outstanding children's writing in English. It was timed to the hundredth anniversary of Carnegie's birth.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give only the year 1936 for the establishment, and the first medal was awarded in 1937. The prize list counts 1936 as a medal year, so the year shown for a winner is the year the book appeared.
Forerunners of today's Rugby Europe International Championships began in 1936, with Berlin hosting the first. France won all three tournaments held between 1936 and 1938.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 for predecessors and 2000 for the current format. The 1936 host city comes from a table in the history section. The article gives no day for the 1936 tournament.
Antonio Lago takes over Talbot to form Talbot-Lago
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
In 1936 the Italian engineer Antonio Lago bought Automobiles Talbot from its receiver in a management buy-out, having acquired the Talbot name rights after Darracq's London-based owner collapsed that year. The firm made sports and racing cars.
Notes
The infobox and body give only the year 1936. The company was based in Suresnes, outside Paris.
André Lemierre reports the condition now called Lemierre's syndrome
Medicine & epidemicsSome details uncertain
In 1936 André Lemierre reported 20 cases of throat infection leading to anaerobic sepsis, of which 18 patients died. The condition that bears his name is an infection and clotting of the internal jugular vein.
Notes
The lead and history section date Lemierre's published series to 1936; no month is given. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
· Brno, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) · Europe
Production begins on Czechoslovakia's ZB-53 machine gun
TechnologySome details uncertain
Zbrojovka Brno began producing the ZB-53 machine gun in 1936, a year after its design, and kept making it until the early 1950s. It was used by infantry, in tanks and armoured vehicles, and in border fortifications.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935 for the design and 1936 to the early 1950s for production. The article gives no month or day.
· Berlin region, Nazi Germany (now Germany) · Europe
The Berlin to Szczecin autobahn, the A 11, opens
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
The A 11 motorway, linking Berlin with Szczecin, was opened in 1936 as part of the Reichsautobahn from Berlin to Königsberg. Planning and the first four-lane stretches had begun in April 1935.
Notes
The lead and infobox give only the year 1936. The history section says the stretch from the Berliner Ring to Joachimsthal was released on 4 April 1936, the road was passable to Szczecin-South by 27 September 1936, and the Oder bridges were finished in 1937, so the road opened in stages and no single day is stored. The history section dates the start of planning to April 1935.
· Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania (now Romania) · Europe
Bucharest opens Herăstrău Park
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Herăstrău Park in Bucharest opened in 1936, on land that had been marshy until it was drained between 1930 and 1935. Work also started that year on the National Park there.
Notes
The infobox and the article body give only the year 1936.
In 1936 Millesgården, the former home of the sculptor Carl Milles and his wife, the artist Olga Milles, became a foundation and a gift to the Swedish people. It is an art museum and sculpture garden on Lidingö.
Notes
The infobox and history section give only the year 1936.
Belgian football club that became Sportkring Beveren is founded
SportSome details uncertain
A football club was founded in 1936 in Haasdonk, Belgium, under the name Red Star. It was registered with an amateur football association at first.
Notes
The lead and history section give 1936. The infobox founding date is written as 1 5 1936, which does not make clear whether it means 1 May or 5 January, so only the year is stored.
France founds its institute for advanced studies in national defence
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Admiral Raoul Castex founded the French defence institute IHEDN in 1936. It is a public body for research, teaching and expertise on defence, based in the École Militaire in Paris.
The Teberda Nature Reserve is established in the Caucasus
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
The Teberda Nature Reserve was set up in 1936 as a strict ecological reserve on the northern slopes of the western Caucasus, in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic.
Notes
The infobox gives only the year 1936. Wikidata gives 5 March 1936, which the article does not confirm.
· Uherský Brod, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) · Europe
Česká zbrojovka builds a factory at Uherský Brod
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
Česká zbrojovka Strakonice built a factory in 1936 at Uherský Brod, in south-east Moravia, intended to make machine guns for aircraft. It began operating in 1937.
Notes
The lead and history section give only the year 1936 for building the factory. Wikidata gives 27 June 1936, which the article does not confirm.
Construction of the Stadio Alberto Braglia, a football ground in Modena, began in 1936, and the stadium was finished in 1938. Modena F.C. is its main tenant.
Notes
The English lead says the stadium was built in 1936, and its infobox gives 1936 for both groundbreaking and opening. Italian Wikipedia says work began in the summer of 1936, the first match was played on 11 October 1936 while building was still under way, and the stadium was completed in the summer of 1938; Wikidata gives 1938 for the opening year and 1936 for the inception, so the year 1936 is stored for the start of construction.
· Warsaw, Second Polish Republic (now Poland) · Europe
Warszawa Zachodnia station opens
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Warszawa Zachodnia railway station opened in 1936 on the border of the Ochota and Wola districts. On the Warsaw Cross-City Line it is the westernmost station.
Notes
The infobox, lead and history section give only the year 1936.
Each gold medallist at the 1936 Berlin Olympics was handed a young English oak sapling, 130 in all. The trees became informally known as Hitler oaks.
Notes
The lead gives no day for the awards, only the Games of 1936. The Games ran in August 1936, but the article does not say when each tree was handed over.
Dale Carnegie's self-help book How to Win Friends and Influence People came out from Simon & Schuster in 1936. By the end of that year it was on the New York Times best-seller list, where it stayed for two years.
Notes
The infobox gives October 1936 as the release date, while two passages in the body say it was published in November 1936. Because the months disagree, only the year is stored.
William Faulkner's Southern Gothic novel Absalom, Absalom! first came out in 1936, from Random House. Several unreliable narrators tell, many years afterwards, how the plantation owner Thomas Sutpen rose and then fell.
Samuel Barber completes his Adagio for Strings arrangement
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
Samuel Barber completed in 1936 his arrangement for string orchestra of the slow movement of his String Quartet, Op. 11, known as the Adagio for Strings.
Notes
The lead and infobox give 1936 for the arrangement, with no month or day. The history section says the quartet itself was written that year during a summer in Europe, so Europe is not used as the arrangement's place, and the region follows the American composer. The first performance was on 5 November 1938, with Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra.
· Stewart Township, Pennsylvania, United States · North America
Construction of Fallingwater begins
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
Construction began in 1936 on Fallingwater, Frank Lloyd Wright's design for the Kaufmann family, which sits partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in Pennsylvania. The main house was finished in 1937 and the guest house in 1939.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 as the year construction started, 1937 for completion of the main house and 1939 for the guest house. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
First edition of The Negro Motorist Green Book is published
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
Victor Hugo Green, a Black postal worker from New York City, published the first edition of his Green Book guide for Black motorists in 1936, focused on New York.
Notes
The lead and body give 1936 for the first, New York-focused edition; the infobox gives the run of the series as 1936 to 1966. Wikidata gives the year 1936 for the start and the year 1966 for the end of the series, so no end date is stored for this first-edition event.
In 1936 Louis Skidmore and Nathaniel Owings founded the Chicago architecture firm known as SOM, short for Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. The engineer John O. Merrill joined them in 1939.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 1936 only; no month or day is stated.
The Baseball Hall of Fame is established in Cooperstown
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
The baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, dates its establishment to 1936. Stephen Carlton Clark, a Singer fortune heir, created the museum to attract tourists to a village damaged by the Depression.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 for the baseball Hall of Fame and 12 June 1939 for the dedication, while the lead credits Stephen Carlton Clark with establishing it in 1939. The sources do not explain the difference, so the year 1936 is stored with low confidence.
A patent granted in 1936 covered a keyboard layout devised by August Dvorak with William Dealey, his brother-in-law, as a faster, more ergonomic alternative to QWERTY for English.
Notes
The overview dates completion of the layout to 1932 and the grant of the patent to 1936; no day is given. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
Nicaragua lived under a Somoza family dictatorship for 43 years, from 1936 to 1979. Anastasio Somoza García founded the dynasty, and his sons Luis Somoza Debayle and Anastasio Somoza Debayle ruled after him.
Notes
The infobox lists 1 January 1936 as the founding date, while the lead gives only the span 1936 to 1979, and the first Somoza presidency began in 1937. Only the year is stored.
The Great Stork Derby, a contest in Toronto that ran from 1926 to 1936, pitted the city's women against each other to have the most children and win a legacy under a will.
Notes
The article gives only the span 1926 to 1936 and no exact closing day. Millar died in 1926, and the will covered the decade after his death.
We the Living, the first novel by the Russian-born American author Ayn Rand, was issued by Macmillan in 1936. It portrays life in post-revolutionary Russia and was her first statement against communism.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 for the Macmillan edition and 1959 for the revised Random House edition, with no month or day for the first. Wikidata gives only the year.
Lovecraft's The Shadow over Innsmouth appears as a book
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
H. P. Lovecraft's horror novella The Shadow over Innsmouth, written in late 1931, first came out as a book in 1936. William L. Crawford's Visionary Publishing Company issued it.
Notes
The infobox and the copyright page give April 1936 for publication, but the publication section says the project reached completion in November 1936, and Lovecraft wrote on 30 November 1936 that the book was out. Because the sources differ on the month, only the year is stored.
Peter J. Wilhousky writes English lyrics for Carol of the Bells
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
In 1936 Peter J. Wilhousky wrote English lyrics for Carol of the Bells, with a bell theme, and arranged it for NBC's radio symphony orchestra. The carol is based on the Ukrainian New Year song Shchedryk.
Notes
The lead and background section give only the year 1936 for the English version.
Graduate Record Examinations begin as an experiment
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
The Carnegie Foundation set up the Graduate Record Examinations in 1936 as a trial run by the deans of graduate schools at four Ivy League universities.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give only the year 1936.
Harvard founds its Graduate School of Public Administration
ScienceSome details uncertain
In 1936 Harvard founded its Graduate School of Public Administration, funded by a gift from Lucius Littauer; the first students arrived the next year. The school is now the John F. Kennedy School of Government, often called the Harvard Kennedy School.
Notes
The infobox gives only the year 1936 for the founding. The history section says the school was founded in 1936 with a $2 million gift from Lucius Littauer and took in its first students in 1937. The Kennedy name came later, with the renaming of 1966.
· Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada · North America
Cape Breton Highlands National Park is established
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
Cape Breton Highlands National Park, established in 1936, occupies the north of Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia and was the first national park in Canada's Atlantic provinces.
Notes
The infobox gives only the year 1936. Wikidata gives 23 June 1936, which the article text does not state.
Orlando Stadium, now called Camping World Stadium, opened in 1936 after construction began that year as a Works Progress Administration project.
Notes
The lead and history section give only the year 1936; the infobox says only that it opened late in the year. Wikidata gives 1 January 1936, a year-only value.
Reefer Madness, originally called Tell Your Children, was made in 1936 by the independent filmmaker George Hirliman and financed by a church group as a morality tale for parents. It was directed by Louis J. Gasnier, a silent-era pioneer.
Notes
The infobox and lead give 1936 for the film, but the production section says 'in 1936 or 1938' for the financing by the church group. The film was later re-released under other titles, so only the year is stored.
The 1936 Pulitzers covered journalism, letters and drama. Harold L. Davis took the Novel prize for Honey in the Horn, and Robert E. Sherwood won for the play Idiot's Delight.
Notes
The article is titled for 1936 and gives no announcement date, so only the year is stored.
The Oersted Medal for physics teaching is established
ScienceSome details uncertain
The American Association of Physics Teachers created the Oersted Medal in 1936 to recognise notable contributions to teaching physics. It carries the name of Hans Christian Ørsted.
Notes
The lead says only 1936 for the establishment, and the medalist list names William Suddards Franklin for 1936.
Coronet, an American monthly general-interest digest magazine owned by Esquire, Inc., began publication in autumn 1936.
Notes
The lead says the magazine was published from 23 October 1936, while the infobox gives November 1936 as the first issue date, so only the year is stored. Wikidata gives November 1936.
· Los Angeles, California, United States · North America
Kal Kan starts making pet food in Los Angeles
Economy & tradeSome details uncertain
The company later known for Whiskas cat food began producing pet foods in 1936 as Kal Kan, near Los Angeles. Whiskas is now sold around the world and belongs to the American firm Mars.
Notes
The infobox says the company was founded in 1936 in Los Angeles, and the history section says production began near Los Angeles in 1936. Neither gives a month or day.
Republic Pictures starts its Three Mesquiteers Western series
Stage, music & filmSome details uncertain
From 1936 to 1943 Republic Pictures turned out 51 Western B-movies under the Three Mesquiteers title, following a trio of Old West adventurers drawn from William Colt MacDonald's novels.
Notes
The article gives only the span 1936 to 1943. Wikidata gives 22 September 1936 for the start and 21 May 1943 for the end, but the article does not confirm those days, so only the years are stored.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry begins publication
ScienceSome details uncertain
The Journal of Organic Chemistry has been published since 1936 by the American Chemical Society. It is a peer-reviewed journal on basic research in organic and bioorganic chemistry.
Notes
The infobox gives only the year 1936 for the start of the journal.
Chest photofluorography is developed for tuberculosis screening
Medicine & epidemicsSome details uncertain
Chest photofluorography, a technique for mass screening for tuberculosis that takes a small photograph of the image on an X-ray fluoroscope screen, was first developed in 1936.
Notes
The lead gives only the year 1936. The history section names Dr. Manuel Dias de Abreu of Brazil, a physician and pulmonologist, as the inventor.
· Nainital district, British India (now India) · Asia
Hailey National Park, India's first national park, is created
Everyday lifeSome details uncertain
In 1936 India's first national park was set up in Nainital district, in what is now Uttarakhand, and was first called Hailey National Park after Sir Malcolm Hailey, Governor of the United Provinces.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give the year 1936; no day or month is given. Wikidata gives the year 1936.
· Suiyuan Province, Republic of China (now China) · Asia
Japanese-backed forces attempt to invade Suiyuan province
War & conflictSome details uncertain
The Inner Mongolian Army and the Grand Han Righteous Army, both backed by Japan, attempted to seize Suiyuan from China in the autumn of 1936. The attempt came not long before the full Second Sino-Japanese War.
Notes
The operations section of the Suiyuan Campaign article says the invasion began in October 1936. Wikidata gives November 1936, and the article on the Inner Mongolian campaign says it began on 14 November 1936 (with the Japanese side striking first on 15 November). Because the sources disagree on the month, only the year is stored.
P. C. Mahalanobis introduces the Mahalanobis distance
ScienceSome details uncertain
P. C. Mahalanobis introduced the Mahalanobis distance in 1936, and the mathematics was first published that year by the Asiatic Society of Bengal's journal. It measures how far a point lies from a probability distribution.
Notes
The lead gives 1936 with no month or day. The article text read here does not say where Mahalanobis was working, so no place is given.
Komitas Park and Pantheon in Yerevan was formed in 1936 after the Mler cemetery, together with its historic chapel, was demolished. The composer Komitas, who died in 1935, is buried there.
The Brahma Kumaris movement forms in Hyderabad, Sindh
Religion & philosophySome details uncertain
The spiritual movement called the Brahma Kumaris took shape in Hyderabad, Sindh, in 1936 under Lekhraj Kripalani, known as Brahma Baba. He had given up his business after a series of visions.
Notes
The infobox gives 1936 as the formation year. The lead places the origin in the 1930s, and the early history says that Kripalani laid the foundation of Om Mandali in 1935, so the year stays at medium confidence. Hyderabad, Sindh is in present-day Pakistan.
Sukhumvit Road, also called Highway 3, was opened in 1936 and follows a coastal route from Bangkok to the Cambodian border near Trat. Phra Bisal Sukhumvit, a head of the Department of Highways, gave it its name.
Notes
The lead gives only the year 1936. The country was known as Siam until 1939.
Football in the Tajik Soviet republic got its own governing body in 1936, the Tajikistan Football Federation, which began as a sub-federation under the Soviet Union's football federation.
Notes
The lead gives only the year 1936. The article does not name a city.
· Bombay, British India (now Mumbai, India) · Asia
Sadegh Hedayat's novella The Blind Owl first circulates in photocopies in Bombay
Art & literatureSome details uncertain
The Persian novella The Blind Owl by Sadegh Hedayat first circulated in photocopied form in Bombay in the Iranian year 1315, which spans 1936 and 1937. Hedayat is thought to have written it in Tehran around 1930 or 1931.
Notes
The infobox, lead and publication section date the first, photocopied edition to the Iranian year 1315, rendered as 1936 or 1937, so the dates are stored as a two-year range with low confidence. Wikidata gives the year 1937.
· Beit She'arim, Mandatory Palestine · Middle East
Beit She'arim necropolis is rediscovered
ScienceSome details uncertain
In 1936 the historical geographer Samuel Klein identified the former Arab village of Sheikh Bureik as the site of Beit She'arim, a rock-cut necropolis about 20 km east of Haifa. That year a Jewish National Fund watchman, Alexander Zaid, reported a breach in a cave wall leading to an inscribed cave.
Notes
The history and archaeology sections both place the identification and the watchman's report in 1936, with no month or day. Wikidata gives only the year. The infobox and lead describe the site today; they give no founding date.
Peel Commission is appointed to investigate unrest in Mandatory Palestine
Politics & diplomacySome details uncertain
Britain appointed a Royal Commission headed by Lord Peel in 1936 to look into the fighting that followed a six-month Arab general strike in Mandatory Palestine. It reached Palestine on 11 November 1936.
Notes
The lead says the commission was appointed in 1936 without a day; Wikidata gives August 1936. The infobox dates the report to July 1937.
Beitar Jerusalem football club is founded as a youth team
SportSome details uncertain
Shmuel Kirschstein and David Horn, who both chaired the Jerusalem branch of the Betar youth movement, founded Beitar Jerusalem in 1936. It began as a youth team during the British Mandate.
Notes
The lead, infobox and history section give 1936 with no month or day. The history section says some members of the 1936 team were among deportees; it does not date the deportation.
· Mid-Euphrates region, Kingdom of Iraq (now Iraq) · Middle East
Shia tribal rising in Iraq is crushed by General Bakr Sidqi
War & conflictSome details uncertain
Shia tribes of the mid-Euphrates region rose in 1935 and 1936 against Iraq's Sunni-led government. In the 1936 rising 90 Iraqi soldiers died and two aircraft were shot down, but General Bakr Sidqi's troops quickly prevailed and punished the tribes harshly.
Notes
The infobox gives 1935-1936 for the revolts, and the lead dates the second rising to 1936 without a month. The body says uprisings continued from time to time after May 1935 and that another revolt was crushed in 1937, so no clear end date exists; Wikidata gives only the year.
· Damascus, French Mandate of Syria (now Syria) · Middle East
Damascus gets its present National Museum building
ArchitectureSome details uncertain
The building that houses the National Museum of Damascus today dates from 1936. It stands beside the Sulaymaniyya Takiyya and holds Syrian objects spanning more than eleven thousand years.
Notes
The history section gives only the year 1936 for the building. The infobox gives 1919 as the year the museum was established.
· Mari, French Mandate of Syria (now Syria) · Middle East
The Lion of Mari statue is found
ScienceSome details uncertain
The archaeologist André Parrot found the copper lion statue at Mari in 1936. Only its front section remains, after it was crushed when the site was destroyed.
Notes
The lead says the statue was found at the Temple of Lions in Mari, while a later passage puts the Parrot expedition's dig at the Temple of Dagon, so the exact find spot is uncertain. Both passages give 1936 with no month or day. Wikidata gives the Louvre room as the place, which is not where it was found.
· French Mandate of Syria (now Syria) · Middle East
Syria's football association is founded
SportSome details uncertain
The Syrian Arab Football Association came into being in 1936 under French Mandate rule. It now runs the national teams and domestic competitions such as the Premier League.
Notes
The lead gives only the year 1936. The article does not name a city.
British Graham Land expedition roughly surveys the Terra Firma Islands
ExplorationSome details uncertain
In 1936 the British Graham Land expedition under John Rymill made a rough survey of the Terra Firma Islands.
Notes
The article is about the Terra Firma Islands as a group and gives only the year 1936, with no month or day. The text read here does not mention Alamode Island by name.
Studying seismograms of earthquakes in New Zealand, the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann concluded in 1936 that a solid inner core lies inside Earth's molten outer core.
Notes
The history section gives 1936 as the year of discovery; no day or month is stated.
Great Britain beat Australia in the Challenge Round of the 31st staging of the Davis Cup, played on Centre Court at Wimbledon from 25 to 28 July 1936.
Notes
The lead gives 25 to 28 July for the Challenge Round at Wimbledon. Wikidata gives 10 April to 28 July 1936 for the whole edition; the article text does not state the start. Only the year is stored for the whole competition.
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